问题 阅读理解与欣赏

附加题

阅读下面的文言文,完成1-4题。                                  

程氏爱鸟  

  吾昔少年时,所居书室前,有竹柏杂花,丛生满庭,众鸟巢其上。武阳君恶杀生,儿童婢仆,皆不得捕取鸟雀。数年间,皆巢于低枝,其鷇可俯而窥也。又有桐花凤四五百,翔集其间,此皆鸟羽毛至为珍异难见,而能驯扰,殊不畏人,闾里间见之,以为异事。此无他,不忮之诚,信于异类也。有野老言:鸟雀巢去人太远,则其子有蛇、鼠、狐狸、鸱、鸢之扰。人既不杀,则自近人者,欲免此患也。由是观之,异时鸟雀巢不敢近人者,以人甚于蛇、鼠之类也。  (选自苏轼《东坡杂记》)

【注释】① 武阳君:苏轼的母亲。 ② 鷇 kou:初生的小鸟。③ 忮zhi:凶狠。 

1.解释下列加粗词语在句中的意思。

(1)信于类也 (           )

(2)人太远(         )

2.把文中画线句子翻译成现代汉语。

此皆鸟羽毛至为珍异难见,而能驯扰,殊不畏人。

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3.联系上下文,众鸟“皆巢于低枝”的原因是什么?

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4.选文最后“异时鸟雀巢不敢近人者,以人甚于蛇、鼠之类也”一句引发了你怎样的思考?

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答案

1.(1)使…信任

  (2)距离,离

2. 这种鸟的羽毛是最为珍贵很难得见得到的,但(这种鸟)却能很驯服不受干扰(地待在那儿),而且也不怕人。

3.因为我的母亲对杀生的行为很痛恨,嘱咐家里的小孩、奴婢及仆人,都不能捕捉鸟雀。或:因为(主人)对待这些鸟雀的诚心,对待这些不同于人类的动物一直守信用。

4.例:人类不能以自然之长的居高心态来欺压其它动物,要与其它动物相互信任,和谐共处,不能以恶毒的方式或态度来伤害其它动物。我在少年的时候,所居住的书房前,种有翠竹松柏以及一些花草,郁郁葱葱地长满在庭院里,许多鸟在上面筑巢。我的母亲对杀生的行为很痛恨,嘱咐家里的小孩、奴婢及仆人,都不能捕捉鸟雀。几年的时间下来,鸟雀们都将巢建在花木的低枝上,鸟巢里孵的小鸟低下头去都可以偷偷地看得到。还有一种叫桐花凤的鸟也有四五百只,飞翔在院子里,这种鸟的羽毛是最为珍贵很难得见得到的,但(这种鸟)却能很驯服不受干扰(地待在那儿),而且也不怕人。乡村里的人见到这种现象,都认为是很奇怪的事情。(其实)这也没有什么其他的原因,不外乎是(主人)对待这些鸟雀的诚心,对待这些不同于人类的动物一直守信用的原因。 有乡间老人说:“鸟雀的巢离人很远,就一定会有蛇、鼠、狐狸、鸱、鸢的忧患,人若不杀鸟雀,(他们)自然就亲近人,以免去这样的忧患。由此来看,那时鸟雀的巢不敢靠近人,真是因为人比蛇鼠之类的更凶恶。(答案不唯一)

解答题
阅读理解

Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying.   小题1:  However, most deaths result from panic, without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water. By adopting a brace(支撑) position, acting decisively and getting out fast, you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle.

Brace yourself for impact (撞击力). As soon as you're aware that you're going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle, so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the "ten and two" position.

Undo your seatbelt.   小题2:  Unbuckle the children, starting with the oldest first. Forget the cell phone call. Your car isn't going to wait for you to make the call.

  小题3:  Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window. A car's electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water, so try the method of opening it electronically first. Many people don't think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking.

Break the window. If you aren't able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, you'll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counter-intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car.   小题4:

Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival.   小题5:  While there is still air in the car, take slow, deep breaths and focus on what you're doing.

A.Open the window as soon as you hit the water.

B.Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think.

C.It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually.

D.Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning.E.In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you will be safe.

F.This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic.

G.But the sooner the window is open, the sooner you can escape directly through it.