问题 选择题
-x
+
1
x+1
有意义,则x的取值范围是(  )
A.x≤0B.x≥0C.x≤0且x>-1D.x≤0且x≠-1
答案

根据题意得,-x≥0且x+1≠0,

解得x≤0且x≠-1.

故选D.

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成小题

建筑成为一个重要的审美对象,首先是因为它凝聚着人类物质生产的巨大劳动,是人类自觉地改造客观世界的直接成果。建筑虽然起源于防寒、祛暑、荫蔽、 安全等实用的生活要求,但在建筑史上,人类对解决生活实用而付出的创作劳动却远远不如对非实用的方面付出得多。宫殿、庙宇、祭坛、陵墓、教堂、纪念碑、园林等等,这些全部或基本上服务于精神生活的建筑,其成就远远超过了住宅、作坊、堡寨等服务于物质生活的建筑,建筑形式、建筑风格的演变,往往是一代社会物质生活和精神生活最敏感的见证,在西方,人们形象地称建筑是“石头写成的历史”。

人对建筑的美感,客观上来源于建筑的形式,舒畅、别扭、恐怖、惊讶、幽静、轻松、肃穆……这是视觉反应的直觉情绪,质朴、刚健、柔和、雍容、华贵、纤秀、端庄……这就进入了初步的审美判断。所有这些主观的感受,无不是建筑的序列组合、空间安排、比例尺度、造型式样、色彩质地、装饰花纹等等外在形式的反映。但是这些感受(美感)又不是抽象的,其中往往包涵着某些特定的具体内容,因而使得建筑的美感有可能突破单纯形式美的法则而深化发挥。像秩序井然的北京城,宏阔显赫的故宫,圣洁高傲的天坛,诗情画意的苏州园林,清幽别致的峨嵋山寺,安宁雅静的四合院住宅,端庄高雅的希腊神庙,威慑压抑的哥特式教堂,豪华眩目的凡尔赛宫,冷峻刻板的摩天大楼……所有这些具体感觉形式,无不包涵着深刻的历史因素,以及整个时代的民族的审美倾向,无不包涵着悬念、感触、素养、格调等等主观因素。建筑的美感是朦胧的,但又可以是明确的是抽象的,但又可以是具体的;是无声的空间凝聚,但又可以是有声有色的时间的延伸。

目前对建筑美学研究的对象和方法还没有形成完整的体系,甚至给建筑美学下一个定义也是困难的。但是,把建筑作为一项艺术门类,从它的艺术特征,它的艺术风格和它的形式美法则入手加以研究,无疑将有助于探索更为深入广阔的课题,例如,建筑美感的组成因素,特别是它的心理构成因素,建筑创作的形象思维特征,自然美与环境美的美学内容,形式美的形式与发展等等。

小题1:在西方,人们形象地称建筑是“石头写成的历史”,其原因是(   )

A.建筑凝聚着人类物质生产的巨大劳动,是人类自觉改造客观世界的直接成果。

B.建筑是一个重要的审美对象,而对其具体观照会获得更多的美学感受。

C.建筑服务于精神生活成就突出,其形式、风格的演变,常是一代社会物质生活和精神生活的见证。

D.建筑服务于精神的生活,也服务于物质生活,两者都包涵了历史审美因素。小题2:第二段中画有横线的句子“某些特定的具体内容”,主要指的是(   )

A.客观上来源于建筑形式的美感,既是直觉情绪,又是初步的审美判断。

B.所有的主观感受,都是建筑组合、尺度、式样、花纹等外在形式的反映。

C.建筑美感的深化和发挥大大地突破了单纯的形式美法则,从而获得更多内容。

D.建筑包涵着深刻的历史因素,整个时代的民族审美倾向,以及悬念、感触、素养等主观因素。小题3:下列理解不符合原文意思的一项是(   )

A.文中画有横线的词语,在内容表达上起着极其重要的作用,说明人们对建筑感受是具体的。

B.全文按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的写作思路布局谋篇、叙议结合,有的放矢,充分阐述了当今建筑美学研究的课题缺陷。

C.本文结尾提出了作者的主张,要从建筑艺术特征、艺术风格和形式美法则入手加以研究建筑美学。

D.文章的第一段是从建筑美感的来源、具体内容、流变性等三个方面阐述作者观点的。

完形填空
There was a woman named Japan Atsuko Saeki living in the city of Fujisawa.When she was a teenager, she    of going to the United States.Most of what she knew about American       was from the textbooks she had read.“I had a        in mind: Daddy watching TV in the living-room, Mummy       cakes and their teenage daughter off to the cinema with her boyfriend.”
Atsuko   __to attend college in California.When she arrived, however, she found it was not her        world.“People were struggling with problems and often seemed       ,” she said.“I felt very alone.”
One of her hardest        was physical education.“We played volleyball,” she said.“The other students were         it, but I wasn’t.”
One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to        the ball to her teammates so they could knock it       the net.No problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko.She was afraid of losing face     __she failed.
A young man on her team        what she was going through.“He walked up to me and      , ‘Come on.You can do that.’”
“You will never understand how those words of         made me feel…Four words: You can do that.I felt like crying with happiness.”
She made it through the class.Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not      
Six years have passed.Atsuko is back in Japan, working as a salesclerk.“I have       forgotten the words,” she said.“When things are not going so well, I think of them.”
She is sure the young man had no idea how much his kindness        to her. “He probably doesn’t even remember it,” she said.That may be the lesson.Whenever you say something to a person cruel or kind—you have no idea how long the words will    .She’s all the way over in Japan, but still she hears those four        words: You can do that.
小题1:
A.learned B.dreamedC.spokenD.heard
小题2:
A.pictureB.educationC.lifeD.spirit
小题3:
A.photo B.painting C.wayD.drawing
小题4:
A.fryingB.bakingC.steaming D.boiling
小题5:
A.hoped B.attempted C.likedD.arranged
小题6:
A.describedB.createdC.imaginedD.discovered
小题7:
A.tenseB.cheerful C.relaxedD.deserted
小题8:
A.classesB.questions C.timesD.projects
小题9:
A.curious aboutB.nervous aboutC.slow atD.good at
小题10:
A.kickB.hitC.carryD.pass
小题11:
A.overB.intoC.through D.past
小题12:
A.ifB.afterC.becauseD.until
小题13:
A.believedB.consideredC.sensedD.wondered
小题14:
A.warnedB.whisperedC.orderedD.sighed
小题15:
A.excitementB.suggestionC.persuasionD.encouragement
小题16:
A.interestedB.sureC.puzzledD.doubtful
小题17:
A.seldomB.alreadyC.neverD.almost
小题18:
A.happenedB.appliedC.meantD.seemed
小题19:
A.stayB.continueC.existD.live
小题20:
A.mercifulB.bitterC.easy D.simple