问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成小题

建筑成为一个重要的审美对象,首先是因为它凝聚着人类物质生产的巨大劳动,是人类自觉地改造客观世界的直接成果。建筑虽然起源于防寒、祛暑、荫蔽、 安全等实用的生活要求,但在建筑史上,人类对解决生活实用而付出的创作劳动却远远不如对非实用的方面付出得多。宫殿、庙宇、祭坛、陵墓、教堂、纪念碑、园林等等,这些全部或基本上服务于精神生活的建筑,其成就远远超过了住宅、作坊、堡寨等服务于物质生活的建筑,建筑形式、建筑风格的演变,往往是一代社会物质生活和精神生活最敏感的见证,在西方,人们形象地称建筑是“石头写成的历史”。

人对建筑的美感,客观上来源于建筑的形式,舒畅、别扭、恐怖、惊讶、幽静、轻松、肃穆……这是视觉反应的直觉情绪,质朴、刚健、柔和、雍容、华贵、纤秀、端庄……这就进入了初步的审美判断。所有这些主观的感受,无不是建筑的序列组合、空间安排、比例尺度、造型式样、色彩质地、装饰花纹等等外在形式的反映。但是这些感受(美感)又不是抽象的,其中往往包涵着某些特定的具体内容,因而使得建筑的美感有可能突破单纯形式美的法则而深化发挥。像秩序井然的北京城,宏阔显赫的故宫,圣洁高傲的天坛,诗情画意的苏州园林,清幽别致的峨嵋山寺,安宁雅静的四合院住宅,端庄高雅的希腊神庙,威慑压抑的哥特式教堂,豪华眩目的凡尔赛宫,冷峻刻板的摩天大楼……所有这些具体感觉形式,无不包涵着深刻的历史因素,以及整个时代的民族的审美倾向,无不包涵着悬念、感触、素养、格调等等主观因素。建筑的美感是朦胧的,但又可以是明确的是抽象的,但又可以是具体的;是无声的空间凝聚,但又可以是有声有色的时间的延伸。

目前对建筑美学研究的对象和方法还没有形成完整的体系,甚至给建筑美学下一个定义也是困难的。但是,把建筑作为一项艺术门类,从它的艺术特征,它的艺术风格和它的形式美法则入手加以研究,无疑将有助于探索更为深入广阔的课题,例如,建筑美感的组成因素,特别是它的心理构成因素,建筑创作的形象思维特征,自然美与环境美的美学内容,形式美的形式与发展等等。

小题1:在西方,人们形象地称建筑是“石头写成的历史”,其原因是(   )

A.建筑凝聚着人类物质生产的巨大劳动,是人类自觉改造客观世界的直接成果。

B.建筑是一个重要的审美对象,而对其具体观照会获得更多的美学感受。

C.建筑服务于精神生活成就突出,其形式、风格的演变,常是一代社会物质生活和精神生活的见证。

D.建筑服务于精神的生活,也服务于物质生活,两者都包涵了历史审美因素。小题2:第二段中画有横线的句子“某些特定的具体内容”,主要指的是(   )

A.客观上来源于建筑形式的美感,既是直觉情绪,又是初步的审美判断。

B.所有的主观感受,都是建筑组合、尺度、式样、花纹等外在形式的反映。

C.建筑美感的深化和发挥大大地突破了单纯的形式美法则,从而获得更多内容。

D.建筑包涵着深刻的历史因素,整个时代的民族审美倾向,以及悬念、感触、素养等主观因素。小题3:下列理解不符合原文意思的一项是(   )

A.文中画有横线的词语,在内容表达上起着极其重要的作用,说明人们对建筑感受是具体的。

B.全文按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的写作思路布局谋篇、叙议结合,有的放矢,充分阐述了当今建筑美学研究的课题缺陷。

C.本文结尾提出了作者的主张,要从建筑艺术特征、艺术风格和形式美法则入手加以研究建筑美学。

D.文章的第一段是从建筑美感的来源、具体内容、流变性等三个方面阐述作者观点的。

答案

小题1:C

小题1:D

小题1:B

小题1:联系本句分析,前后构成因果关系复句。

小题1:这个句子的后面就是对“特定内容”的具体阐释,而D项正是对后面这几句的概括。

小题1:本文结论处只是说“目前对建筑美学研究的对象和方法还没有形成完整的体系”,从全文看,并不是“阐述了当今建筑美学研究的课题缺陷”。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Last Friday, I was coming home late after spending time with friends and thought I’d go down to the $99 cent pizza place. On the way, I saw a man sitting on the stairs alone there. I’d seen him before every day I run late to work, but this time I had no place to rush off to.

There was something about him, a quiet manner, different from many of other homeless people I had seen in New York City. I walked past him, went to the pizza place, and those 10 seconds waiting in line was enough to practice stepping outside of my usual, familiar flow. So with a few slices in hand, I went back to join him. I asked him if he was hungry. He said yes, but not for pizza because it made him uncomfortable. He’d rather have a few bucks for chicken and rice since it was easier on his stomach. It’s funny, in that moment, he became more real to me.

This man I had seen almost every day was someone with specific conditions, needs, and experiences. We exchanged names and ended up talking for a little over an hour that night as Kevin told me stories from his life, how he had done things when “he was younger and didn’t know any better” and how he tried to make amends (补偿) but too much time had passed. He shared his views on the value for young adults to learn the history of other people.

He talked about his one wish being in his 60’s before he leaves this earth, which is to share his story with the teenagers and young adults so they could avoid the mistakes he went through. Throughout the conversation, he eventually got his chicken and rice and gifted me a rose he had been carrying. Shortly afterwards, I made my way home, thinking to myself, “I met an amazing homeless person”.

小题1:The writer’s purpose in writing the passage is to ____.

A.share his experience

B.show his generosity

C.express his thoughts

D.exchange his opinions小题2:The homeless man refused pizza because he ____.

A.did not feel very hungry at that moment

B.had something wrong with his stomach

C.preferred some chicken and rice to pizza

D.might feel ashamed to be given something小题3:What’s the homeless man’s last wish?

A.To become a lot younger again.

B.To make amends for his early life.

C.To have enough chicken and rice to eat.

D.To teach the young not to follow his example.小题4:It can be inferred from the text that ____.

A.The homeless man is different from others

B.The writer showed his pity to the homeless man

C.What the homeless man thought shocked the writer

D.What the homeless man did was not very meaningful小题5:How do you like the homeless man after reading the passage?

A.Learned.

B.Honorable.

C.Determined.

D.Promising.