问题 问答题 简答题

为什么血证禁用汗法?误用汗法将会出现哪些变证?

答案

参考答案:

血证包括吐血、衄血、下血及瘀血。仲景反复强调吐、衄、下血之证不可发汗。因汗血同源,《内经》云“阳加于阴,谓之汗”。汗由津液所化,汗出又有赖于阳气的蒸化,失血者本已阴阳不足,若再使用汗法则均可损伤阳气或阴液,致变证迭出。故《内经》曰:“夺血者无汗,夺汗者无血”。《金匮•吐衄下血胸满瘀血病》篇中指出:“衄家不可汗,汗出必额上陷,脉紧急,直视不能眴,不得眠”;“亡血不可发其表,汗出即寒栗而振”。说明吐、衄血者误用汗法,可出现“额上陷,脉紧急,直视不能眴,不得眠”等阴血重伤之症。亡血者,因误汗而伤及阳气,见“寒慄而振”等阳气失于温煦之象。所以汗法属血证禁忌。

阅读理解

The history of the Games Olympia

Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of "Pelops", the founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities(设备) were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty.

Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century B.C. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it. The ancient stadium in Olympia could hold more than 40,000 audience, while in the surrounding area there were auxiliary(辅助的) buildings which developed gradually up until the 4th century B.C. and were used as training sites for the athletes or to house the judges of the Games.

The Games and religion

The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not a total part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and development of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion.

Victory ceremonies

The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner's name by the herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the audience cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory.

The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father's name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath(花环), or kotinos, on the winner's head.

小题1:When did Olympia become the site of the Olympic Games?

A. In the 10th century B.C.

B. Before the 4th century B.C.

C. After the 4th century B.C.

D. It was not mentioned here.

小题2:Which one is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Zeus is the founder of the Olympic Games.

B.The ancient stadium in Olympic were used as training sites for the athletes in the 10th century.

C.The Olympic Games have much to do with the religion.

D.The Olympic victor would receive a golden medal.小题3:Can you guess the meaning of this word “herald” in the passage?

A.the author

B.the headmaster

C.the announcer

D.the manager小题4:When the athletes won the game, ______.

A.They were awarded immediately after the competition.

B.They were awarded twice. The first, immediately after the competition; the second, on the last day of the game.

C.They were awarded on the last day of the game.

D.They were awarded on the last day of the game or immediately after the competition.

单项选择题