问题 填空题

小芳同学站在平面镜前2m处照镜子,她向平面镜靠近了0.5m,则像离她的距离为______m,像的大小将______.(填“变小”、“变大”或“不变”)

答案

(1)因为像到平面镜的距离与物体到平面镜的距离相等,若她走 * * 面镜0.5m,即物距减小0.5m,为1.5m;

像距也应随之减小0.5m,也为1.5m,所以像离她的距离为.5m+1.5m=3m.

(2)因为平面镜成的像与物体的大小相同,与物距大小无关,所以当小芳向平面镜靠近0.5m时,她在平面镜中的像大小不会改变;

故答案为:3;不变.

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成后面的题目。

成语里的歌声

  ①翻阅成语大词典,你能找到许多形容歌唱的词汇,你会听到许多成语里飞扬的歌声。这歌声唤出了历史,展现着我们祖国民族音乐五千年的文明底蕴和独特的迷人的风采。

  ②相传,古人唱起歌来,格外投入,常常放开嗓门,大声歌唱。于是,便有人用“引吭高歌”来描述其情状。歌声亮传播远,又有人用“响遏行云”形容赞美这嘹亮的歌声。“响遏行云”这个成语出自《列子·汤问》篇,是说秦国有个叫薛谭的人,拜秦青为师学习歌唱。不久他以为把老师的本领都学到了,便要告辞回家。老师知其想法,未作劝阻,并摆酒为他送行。临别时老师在郊外大路旁,满怀惜别之情高歌一曲,其声音洪亮,震得树林瑟瑟作响,行云驻足不前。薛谭见此大吃一惊,深感自己的无知和盲目,于是请求老师留下他继续学习。

  ③古人不但喜好歌声的高亢、嘹亮,而且注重吐字清楚,行腔流畅,发声自然圆润,以达到表意之目的。于是,便产生了“字正腔圆”、“珠圆玉润”这两个成语。唱歌既要唱声,又要唱情。“声情并茂”这个成语,就反映了古人对歌唱的更高追求,只有用声情并茂的歌声,恰当表现歌曲的情感内蕴,才能产生极大的艺术感染力,使听者为之动容,为之共鸣。这就要用上“回肠荡气”、“哀感顽艳”这两个成语。

  ④歌唱含情,歌声美妙,回荡耳畔,久久难忘。这便是“余音绕粱,三日不绝”的心理效果。“余音绕梁”这个成语也出自《列子·汤问》篇。说的是韩国有个名叫韩娥的美丽歌女,一次来到齐国临淄城,因带的口粮吃光了,只好在西城门卖唱谋生。她的歌声哀婉悦耳,使人们张大嘴,听得出神。直到韩娥走了很久时间,听者的嘴巴还未闭上。她那优美的歌声,给人们留下深刻的印象,以至过了三天,人们还感觉到歌声的余音仍在屋梁周围回旋荡漾。古人唱歌还十分讲究节拍韵律。“一板一眼”、“一板三眼”、“有板有眼”这三条成语即是。板、眼是民族音乐和戏曲中的节拍。每小节中最强的拍子叫板,其余的拍子叫眼。

  ⑤从成语中,人们还能听到一种结构复杂,音 域宽广,演唱中还要改变调性的歌曲,这便是“移宫 换羽”和“引商刻羽”两成语播出的音响。“移宫换 羽”的意思是先唱原宫调,后再转换唱羽调,相当于 现在的“1”大调转为“6”小调,这显然是难度较大的 艺术歌曲,演唱需有一定的音乐造诣。而且,从这 些文献中,还知道在战国时就已经有了通俗音乐和 高雅音乐两大流派。当时楚国的歌曲中有两首很 有名气,那就是《阳春》和《白雪》。相传为春秋时晋 国乐师师旷所作。《阳春》取万物知春,和风涤荡之 意;《白雪》取凛然清洁,雪竹琳琅之音,均属于较高 级的音乐。于是,便产生了“阳春白雪”、“曲高和 寡”两个成语,后泛指高雅的文艺作品难以得到大众的理解和应和。

  ⑥古人不仅能歌通曲,而且有着纯熟的演奏技艺和惊人的欣赏水平。成语“高山流水”(见于《列子?汤问》)记载此事,传为美谈:春秋时,晋国大夫俞伯牙善于弹琴。一个皓月当空的中秋之夜,伯牙乘兴弹起琴来,意境表现高山。曲犹未尽,只听有人赞道:“善哉峨峨兮若泰山!”伯牙抬头一看,见迎面走来一人,相貌平常。伯牙未加理会,又弹一曲,意境表现流水。曲音未绝,来人朗声赞道:“善哉洋洋兮若江河!”伯牙十分吃惊,起身施礼,得知此人叫钟子期。伯牙与子期凭音乐的共鸣结成“知音”。子期死后,伯牙痛失知音,摔琴绝弦,终身不操。几千年前,伯牙因失去知音而不再弹《高山流水》,而《高山流水》并没有因伯牙不弹而失去知音,它源远流长,成为中 * * 音乐中的珍品。

  ⑦古人还悟出了音乐在战争中的积极作用,以歌声迷惑敌人、涣散敌方军心。成语“四面楚歌”的声波将真情传递:楚汉相争时,楚军被围垓下。一天夜里,项羽听到汉军中的楚歌从四面八方传来,觉得楚地全被汉军占领,十分惊恐。“四面楚歌”出自《史记?项羽本纪》,它为刘邦打败项羽起到了推波助澜的作用。

  ⑧从摘引的部分有关歌唱的成语里,我们可以知晓古人与音乐的美丽传说,证实祖先创造的民族音乐文化的博大而精深。

1.第⑤段“曲高和寡”中“和”的读音是_________,意思是________________________。

2.本文采用的最主要的说明方法是_______________________。

3.以下从第③、⑤、⑥段中摘出的句子,在结构上所起的作用不完全相同的一项是( )

A.古人不但喜好歌声的高亢、嘹亮,而且注重吐字清楚,行腔流畅,发声自然圆润,以达到表意之目的。

B.从成语中,人们还能听到一种结构复杂,音域宽广,演唱中还要改变调性的歌曲。

C.古人不仅能歌通曲,而且有着纯熟的演奏技艺和惊人的欣赏水平。

4.第⑤段“相传为春秋时晋国乐师师旷所作”这句话中的“相传”能否去掉?为什么?

________________________________________

5.本文是一篇文艺性说明文,有些语言十分生动、传神,请把第⑥段中对《高山流水》高度赞赏的两个句子,认真地抄在下面的横线上。

________________________________________

6. A.详细介绍“响遏行云”是为了说明古人唱歌时歌声亮传播远。

 B.详细介绍“余音绕梁”是为了说明歌唱含情,歌声美妙,回荡耳畔,久久难忘。

 C.详细介绍“高山流水”是为了印证俞伯牙与钟子期凭音乐的共鸣结成了“知音”。

对详细介绍三个成语在说明语段中所起的作用理解不正确的一项是( )

正确的理解应该是:_____________________ ______________________________________。

7.第①段和第⑧段首尾照应,使文章的结构完整。读了这两段文字,你获得了哪些知识?写出两点即可。

_______________________________________

完形填空

Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life—the goods and services that make our modern civilization possible.But we are much less conscious of the degree to which work provides the more important psychological well­being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.

Historically,work has been associated with slavery and sin (罪恶)and punishment.And in our own day we are used to bearing traditional complaints.Against this background,it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual's happiness and sense of personal achievement.Work is more than a necessity for most human beings;it is the focus of their lives,the source of their identity and creativity.

Rather than a punishment of a burden,work is the opportunity to realize one's potential.And the opposite is true,too.For large numbers of people,the absence of work is harmful to their health.Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What do I do with myself?”question,even though there may be no financial cares.Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to,and must take care of themselves.It has been observed that unemployment,quite apart from financial pressures,brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals'conditions become worse rapidly when jobless.

But why?Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction?A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job,by the activity of accomplishing.

小题1:Which of the following statements can NOT be learned from the passage?

A.People feel happier and more content than they realize when working.

B.Work is likely to provide you with the chance of achieving your potential.

C.Happiness can only be gained through working.

D.A lot of people will suffer physically and psychologically without work.小题2:Traditionally,people are used to believing ________.

A.work is related to negative aspects

B.happiness has nothing to do with work

C.identity and creativity depend on work

D.work is not only a necessity for humans but the focus of their lives小题3:What would the author probably discuss in the following paragraph?

A.What the proper way to balance work and life is.

B.How work brings people pride in accomplishment.

C.Which is more important:the material things of life or psychological well­being.

D.How people overcome the problems arising from retirement.小题4:Which best describes the author's attitude towards work in the passage?

A.Doubtful.

B.Concerned.

C.Approving.

D.Neutral.