问题 阅读理解与欣赏

木 笛

  南京乐团招考民族器乐演奏员,其中招收一名木笛手。

  应试者人头攒动,石头城气氛热烈——这是一个国际级乐团,它的指挥是丹麦音乐大师,这位卡拉扬的朋友长期指挥过伦敦爱乐乐团。

  考试分初试、复试和终试三轮。两轮过后,每一种乐器只留两名乐手,两名再砍一半,二比一。终试在艺术学院阶梯教室进行。

  “木笛。有请朱丹先生。”

  声音未落,从一排腊梅盆景之间站起一个人来。修长,纤弱,一身黑色云锦衣衫仿佛把他也紧束成一棵梅树。

  衣衫上的梅花,仿佛开在树枝上。走进屋门,朱丹站定,小心谨慎地从绒套中取出他的木笛。之后,抬起头,他看见空蒙广阔之中,居高临下排着一列主考官。主考席的正中,就是那位声名远播的丹麦音乐大师。大师什么也不说,只是默默打量朱丹。半晌,大师随手从面前的一叠卡片中抽出一张,助手谦恭地拿过卡片,把它递到朱丹手中。接过卡片,只见上面写着——在以下两首乐曲中任选一首以表现欢乐:1.贝多芬的《欢乐颂》,2.柴可夫斯基的《四小天鹅舞》。

  看过卡片,朱丹眼睛里闪过一丝隐忍的悲戚。之后,他向主考官深深鞠了一躬。抬起眼睛,踌躇歉疚地说:“请原谅,能更换一组曲目吗?”这一句轻声的话语,却产生沉雷爆裂的效果.主考官有些茫然失措起来。

  片刻,大师冷峻发问:“为什么?”

  朱丹答:“因为今天我不能演奏欢乐曲。”

  大师问,“为什么?”

  朱丹说:“因为今天是12月13日……南京大屠杀纪念日。”

  久久,久久,一片沉寂。

  大师问:“你没有忘记今天是什么考试吗?”

  朱丹答:“没有忘记。”

  大师说:“你是一个很有才华的青年,艺术前途应当懂得珍惜。”

  朱丹说:“请原谅——”

  没等朱丹说完,大师便向朱丹挥了挥手,果断而又深感惋惜地说:“那么,你现在可以回去了。”

   听到这句话,朱丹顿时涌出苦涩的泪。他流着泪向主考席鞠了一躬,再把抽出的木笛轻轻放回绒套,转过身,走了。

  入夜,石头城开始落雪。朱丹披着雪花不知不觉走到鼓楼广场,穿过广场,他又走向坐落在鸡鸣寺下的南京大屠杀死难同胞纪念碑。

  临近石碑是一片莹莹辉光,像曙色萌动,像蓓蕾初绽,像彩墨在宣纸上的无声晕染。走近一看,竟然是一支孩子方阵。有大孩子,有小孩子;有男孩子,有女孩子。他们高矮不一,衣着不一,明显是自发聚集起来的。他们的头上、肩上积着一层白雪,仿佛一座雪松森林。每个孩子手擎一支红烛,一片红烛流淌着红宝石般的泪。

  顷刻之间,雪下大了。雪片密集而又急促,仿佛纷纷丝巾在为记忆擦拭锈迹。

  伫立雪中,朱丹小心谨慎地从绒套中取出木笛,轻轻吹奏起来。声音悲凉隐忍,犹如脉管滴血。寒冷凝冻这个声音,火焰温暖这个声音。坠落的雪片纷纷扬起,托着笛声在天地之间翩然回旋。

  孩子们没有出声,孩子们在倾听,他们懂得,对于心语只能报以倾听。

  吹奏完毕,有人在朱丹肩上轻轻拍了一下。回头一望,竟然是那位丹麦音乐大师。朱丹十分意外,他回身向大师鞠躬。大师说:“感谢你的出色演奏,应该是我向你鞠躬。现在我该告诉你的是,虽然没有参加终试,但你已经被乐团正式录取了。”朱丹问:“为什么?”大师略作沉默,才庄重虔敬地说:“为了一种精神,一种人类正在流失的民族精神。”

  说完,大师紧紧握住朱丹的手。朱丹的手中,握着木笛。

(1)下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的两项是 [ ]

A.小说以木笛作为全文的线索结构全篇。选材独特,结构安排也有新意,可谓匠心独运。

B.文章中画线句写朱丹“一身黑色云锦衣衫”,运用外貌描写,暗示朱丹对南京大屠杀死难同胞的深切悼念,“小心谨慎地从绒套中取出木笛”运用动作描写(细节描写),表现朱丹当时参加决赛时的紧张心理。

C.小说中“孩子方阵”的自发出现,表现了像朱丹一样具有民族精神的人并不是少数,这样就使朱丹的举动更具有典型意义,从而起到了深化主题的作用。

D.开始时大师觉得朱丹要求换曲子是对自己的不敬,但纪念碑前的演奏,让大师发现这是一位很难得的青年,有出色的音乐才华,所以录取了他。

E.这篇小说在艺术技巧方面很有特点:①情节曲折生动,结局既在意料之外又在情理之中。②细节描写生动细致。③场面描写庄严凝重,真切感人。

(2)文章中对“雪”的描写有什么作用?请简要分析。

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(3)小说中的朱丹具有什么样的特点?请简要分析。

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(4)探究“为了一种精神,一种人类正在流失的民族精神”这句话在文中的作用。结合小说反映的主题说说你从中获得的启示。

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答案

(1)BD

(2)①点明了故事发生的时令,渲染了一种肃穆,悲壮的气氛。

  ②推动情节的发展。为刻画人物(少年儿童、朱丹)作铺垫,打基础。

  ③表现人物性格。烘托主人公朱丹纯洁高尚的民族情感和民族精神,凸现了少年儿童心灵的洁白无瑕。(从渲染氛围、推动情节、烘托人物三方面分析即可)

(3)朱丹是一位具有出色音乐才华,而又有崇高民族精神的人。首先他具有出色的音乐才华,这主要表现在:①是两位参加决赛的选手之一;②从纪念碑前的吹奏可以看出他具有很高的音乐才华,大师的高度称赞和最终被乐团录取也证明这一点。同时他具有崇高的民族精神,这主要表现在:①宁可落选也不愿吹奏欢乐曲。②到南京大屠杀纪念碑前凭吊死难同胞,并吹奏起悲壮的木笛。(意对即可) 

(4)作用:①这句话交代了朱丹被录取的根本原因。 (情节)

     ②指出了朱丹的人格魅力之所在,丰富、深化人物形象。(人物形象)

     ③揭示文章中心,深化文章主题。(主题)

(从对情节发展、人物塑造、主题表达三方面分析即可)

  启示:才华横溢固然重要,但具有崇高的民族精神更值得敬佩。作为一名中学生,要不忘民族的耻辱,努力学习,使自己成为知识丰富、能力突出的有用之才,成为时时维护国家利益和民族尊严的卫士。(扣住民族精神、国家尊严回答,言之成理即可)

单项选择题

Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headp toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inseparately tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it is no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.
It’s not quite that simple. "Kids can be given the opportunities, but they can’t be forced," says Jaequelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan who led a study examining what motivated first-and-seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.
Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is

malleable

.
Some experts say our education system, with its p emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. Some educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. "The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions," says Michael Nakkula, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to tell them the notion that classwork is irrelevant is not true, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that they have to learn to walk before they can run.

The word "bewildering" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A.puzzling

B.unbelievable

C.unpleasant

D.awkward

单项选择题