问题 材料分析题

20世纪80年代以来,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)组织数百位科学家经过长期的观测、调查、实验和分析探讨,先后发布了四个“气候评估报告”。1990年报告称“近百年气候变化可能是自然波动,或人为活动,或二者共同影响的结果”;1995年报告指出,人类活动对地球气候和气候系统的影响已经可以“被检测出来”;2001年报告认为,“新的更强证据表明,过去50年观测到的大部分气候变暖可能归因于人类活动”;2007年报告强调,“人类活动很可能是气候变暖的主要原因”,并将这种可能性从2001年的约66%提升到90%以上。

结合“气候评估报告”关于地球变暖原因的描述,说明人类追求和发展真理的特点。

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答案

(1)追求和发展真理以实践为基础。关于地球变暖原因的研究课题来源于人类社会实践,“气候评估报告”是科学家在长期观察实验的基础上形成并由实践检验而不断发展的,反映了人类解决气候变暖问题、实现人类可持续发展的强烈愿望和迫切要求。  

(2)追求和发展真理是一个在不同观点争鸣中不断克服谬误、逐步接近真理的反复过程。人类对地球气候变暖原因的真理性认识不是一次完成的,而是在实践和认识的循环往复中获得的。  

(3)追求和发展真理没有止境。目前人类获得的关于地球气候变暖原因的真理性认识不是终极真理,而是具体的、有条件的。随着实践的继续发展和科学技术水平的不断提高,人类对气候变暖原因的认识必然会不断扩展和深化。

单项选择题
单项选择题

For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the existence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects—100 in all, officials say—have been interrogated with "an alternative set of procedures". Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American naval base at Guantánamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions.

Many of these men—as Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6th—are al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that could "save American lives". "In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secretly (and) questioned by experts," the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantánamo, as some 770 other suspected terrorists have been.

Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, saying only that, though "tough", they had been "safe and lawful and necessary". Many believe that the main purpose of the CIA’s prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture and other cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not torture : "It’s against our laws, and it’s against our values. I have not authorised it—and I will not authorise it."

The Pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Field Manual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnel—though not the CIA. For the first time, it specifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the use of dogs, sexual humiliation and "waterboarding" (simulated drowning )—all practices that have been used at Guantámamo and Abu Ghraib.

So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIA’s secret programme Partly, he confessed, because of the Supreme Court’s recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put American agents at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American personnel in federal courts.

The term "declined" in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes()

A. refused

B. dropped

C. dived

D. compromised