问题 单项选择题

冬季,l岁男孩,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,体温38~C,每日腹泻10次左右,呈蛋花汤样,无腥臭,1天来尿少,10小时无尿。查体:眼窝、前囟深陷,皮肤干燥,弹性极差,肢端凉。大便镜检偶见白细胞,血钠130mmol/L。

对患儿进行液体治疗,首批静脉输液应给予

A.2:1等张含钠液20ml/kg

B.1/2张含钠液100~120ml/kg

C.2/3张含钠液50ml/kg

D.1/4张含钠液100~120ml/kg

E.1/5张含钠液100~120ml/kg

答案

参考答案:A

解析:本病例为婴儿腹泻,要求判断脱水性质、脱水程度和病原。①病史为1岁婴儿,胃肠道症状为主,表现呕吐、腹泻。腹泻重,每日 10多次,无尿10小时;②查体:脱水体征典型,眼窝、前囟深凹,皮肤干、弹性极差,肢端冷等,符合重度脱水。查血钠130mmol/L(正常血钠135~145mmol/L),为低钠血症。此病最可能诊断婴儿腹泻重度低渗性脱水。病原为轮状病毒可能性大:①发病于秋冬季,是秋季腹泻发病季节;②患儿发病急,有发热,大便呈蛋花汤样,不伴有腥臭味;③大便镜检无脓球,偶见白细胞。以上均符合轮状病毒感染性肠炎。鉴别诊断:大肠杆菌引起肠炎好发生于夏季,5~6月份,常有感染中毒症状,大便有粘冻或脓血。鼠伤寒的鉴别是大便带有粘液、脓血,性质多变,有特殊臭味。金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎多为继发性,使用大量抗生素后引起肠道菌群失调而产生腹泻,感染中毒症状重,呈海水样大便,带有粘液、大量脓细胞。患儿为重度低渗脱水,液疗方案第一步是补充血容量即扩容,扩容量为2:1等张含钠液, 20ml/kg于30分钟~1小时补完。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
        When you go looking for fossils, don't take too many things with you. A bag full of heavy fossils is quite
enough to carry home. But you need to remember:
1.                                                         
                                                                   
        Take a hammer with you for breaking open rocks (岩石). A hammer is the best kind to use. A pair of
glasses will stop flying pieces of stones from hurting your eyes.
2.
                                                                 
       A hand lens is useful. You might find fossils that are too small to see clearly. With a hand lens you can
examine the small things better.
3.
                                                                     
       Take a map of the area you're visiting to show you where you might find the fossils, plus a ruler for
measuring(测量) the fossils you find.
4.
                                                                  
        A camera will be useful for photographing interesting rocks which stand up out of the ground. That'll
help you to remember where you found the fossils.
5. 
                                                                   
        Number your fossils and wrap (包、裹) them in newspapers before putting them into your bag.   
6.
                                                                   
        Make sure that your clothing is suitable for the weather in whatever kind of countryside you are visiting.
7.
                                                                   
        You have to take a notebook and pencils. As soon as you find something interesting, take a note of
where you found it and the kind of rock in which it was found.
1. Because fossils are very heavy, you need to _______.
[ ]
A. take fewer things if possible
B. number the fossils which have been collected
C. carry a large hammer
D. wear light clothing
2. The word "them" in Point 5 means _______.
[ ]
A. newspapers
B. photos
C. fossils
D. rocks
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
[ ]
A. A hand lens is used to read the map.
B. Newspapers can give some new information.
C. A camera is used to take photos of the people who look for fossils.
D. A notebook and pencils can be used to record the kinds of rock in which fossils were found.
4. This passage mainly shows the reader _______.
[ ]
A. where to look for fossils
B. what is needed when looking for fossils
C. how to look for fossils
D. when it is the best time to look for fossils
单项选择题