问题 填空题

有两纯种小麦,一种是高秆抗锈病(DDTT),另一种是矮秆易感锈病(ddtt)。要利用这两个品种的小麦培育出矮秆抗锈病的优良小麦品种,育种小组提出了三种育种方案:

方案一:DDTT×ddtt→F1→F2→矮秆抗病新品种

方案二:DDTT×ddtt→F1→F1花药离体培养→单倍体→矮秆抗病新品种

方案三:DDTT和ddtt的种子幼苗进行X射线、紫外线照射综合处理→矮秆抗病新品种

(1)要培育的矮秆抗锈病小麦的基因型为________,采用病原体感染的方法可鉴定出其中的抗病植株。

(2)方案一的育种原理是__________,F2中选出的矮秆抗病的植株占全部F2植株的比例是________,F2中选出的矮秆抗病的植株中不符合性状稳定要求的是________。

(3)方案二的育种方法叫_______,F1产生的花粉的基因型为________。改变染色体数目,用______处理植物的分生组织,此种育种方式的原理是_________。

(4)方案三的育种原理是__________。

(5)三种育种方案中,育种的时间短且成功率高的方案是__________。

(6)除用以上方法基因工程也可以培育优良品种,其中用到的两种工具酶是________、________。

答案

(1)ddTT

(2)基因重组(或基因的自由组合定律)     3/16    2/3

(3)单倍体育种     DT、Dt、dT、dt       秋水仙素       染色体变异

(4)基因突变

(5)方案二或单倍体育种

(6)限制酶(或限制性核酸内切酶)        DNA连接酶

单项选择题
阅读理解

I will never forget what my old headmaster taught me. Normally when you are only 15          years of age you do not remember most of the things that are taught by your teachers. But this particular story is one such lesson that I will never forget. Every time I drift off course, I get reminded of this story.

It was a normal Monday morning, and he was making a speech to the students on important things in life and about devoting ourselves to what is important to us. This is how the story went:

An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the subway. He would get the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and beg. He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at the same street corner and begged for almost 20 years. His house was dirty, and a stench(恶臭)came out of the house and it smelled horrible. The neighbors could not stand the smell any more, so they asked the police officers to clear the place. The officers knocked down the door and cleaned the house. There were small bags of money all over the house that he had collected over the years.

The police counted the money, and they soon realized that the old man was a millionaire. They waited outside his house to tell the good news to him. When he arrived home that evening, he was met by one of the officers who told him that there was no need for him to beg any more as he was a rich man now, a millionaire. He said nothing at all; he went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the subway, got into the train, and sat at the street corner and continued to beg. Obviously, this old man had no great plans, dreams or anything important for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying focused on the things we enjoy doing.

59. The headmaster told the story to the students to__________.

A. make the students relaxed in the lesson             B. remind the students to think deeply

C. show how poor the old man was                            D. encourage the students to become rich

60. After hearing what the officer said, the old man_________.

A. believed the officer was playing a joke on him. B. didn't know many people respected him a lot.

C. was very angry to find his house broken into.     D. was not so excited as the officer had expected.

61. What did the author learn from the story?

A . One should devote himself to his dream.            B. The old man was foolish not to stop begging.

C. What the headmaster taught was very important.

D. People must have a plan before taking action.

62. Which word can best describe the author's attitude towards the old man?

A. Pity.           B. Disappointment.                 C. Respect.          D. Anger.

63. We know from the passage that ___________________.

the author had a big dream at the age of 15.         

B. the headmaster was popular with the students.

the old man begged every day without stopping.  

D. the neighbors took great pity on the old man.

BDACC