问题 解答题

(本小题满分12分)(注意:在试题卷上作答无效)

投到某杂志的稿件,先由两位初审专家进行评审.若能通过两位初审专家的评审,则予以录用;若两位初审专家都未予通过,则不予录用;若恰能通过一位初审专家的评审,则再由第三位专家进行复审,若能通过复审专家的评审,则予以录用,否则不予录用.设稿件能通过各初审专家评审的概率均为0.5,复审的稿件能通过评审的概率为0.3.各专家独立评审.

(I)求投到该杂志的1篇稿件被录用的概率;

(II)求投到该杂志的4篇稿件中,至少有2篇被录用的概率.

答案

(I) 0.40.

(II)

本题主要考查独立事件与互斥事件的概率问题,考查考生分类讨论的思想和分析问题、解决问题的能力.

(Ⅰ)记A表示事件:稿件能通过两位初审专家的评审;

B表示事件:稿件恰能通过一位初审专家的评审;

C表示事件:稿件能通过复审专家的评审;

D表示事件:稿件被录用.

则  D=A+B·C,

=

               =

=0.25+0.5×0.3

=0.40.

(Ⅱ) 记表示事件:4篇稿件中没有1篇被录用;

表示事件:4篇稿件中恰有1篇被录用;

表示事件:4篇稿件中恰有2篇被录用;

=+

=0.1296+0.3456

=0.4752,

点评:概率问题是高考的必考题型,一般都在18、19题,试题的难度不大.主要考查考生对互斥事件、独立事件等基本概率模型知识的掌握程度以及应用知识分析问题、解决问题的能力.新背景下的概率问题是高考的亮点内容之一,估计明年高考对概率解答题的考查除了常规模式外,还可能与数列、不等式、统计等交汇命题.

单项选择题

Passage Two

The social sciences, as the name shows, are the scientific study of the behavior of human beings, both in groups and individually. There is no past or present information of human beings who were not in groups. The groups may be small, like the family, or large, like a city or nation. But in order to reach complete development, man must be a member of a society. It is true that some individuals are more solitary than others. Some, like monks or hermits, may decide, for religious or other reasons, to leave their society and live alone. But these are unusual individuals, and even they can not separate themselves completely from the rest of mankind. A society, then, seems to be the natural environment of mankind. Scholars who study mankind in social organizations are called social scientists.
The human behavior which social scientists study is learned behavior. The behavior of the human body as a living organism is studied by the biologist, the biochemist, or the physician. This behavior of man’s physical body is inherited through the genetic development of his species. For example, all physical normal and healthy humans learn to walk as their bodies grow and develop. Social scientists concern themselves with the behavior that man must learn so that he can take his place in a social group. In order to be a functioning member of a group, each member must learn to behave in a way acceptable to other members of that group. The kind of behavior, which must be learned, differs according to the differences among societies.
The social scientists are newcomers to academic studies. By the end of the nineteenth century, the natural sciences had developed a method, by which they were able to understand the physical world. By using the scientific method, chemists, physicists, and astronomers, for example, learned a great deal about the universe. It seemed reasonable to apply the same method to the study of man’s social life. Through this kind of study man may learn to understand himself much better.
The scientific method is a way of collecting facts in order to describe an existing situation as correctly and completely as possible. The description must consist only of what can be perceived, analyzed, measured, and recorded. Feelings and personal opinions or ideas have no place in scientific description. The facts must be observed and described in such a way that another scientist could repeat the same study and get the same results.

How does social behavior differ from physical behavior

A.It is learned.

B.It is inherited from our ancestors.

C.It depends on genetic development.

D.It is the same for all human beings.

单项选择题