问题 材料题

阅读材料回答问题。

材料一 拿破仑死后,有一个时期法国人不愿意想到拿破仑。与其说是政治原因,还不如说是征服的狂热过去后,每家每户对战死亲人的怀念,变得刺痛而具体。那么,一个国家的上百万战争受难者,巨大的生命牺牲代价,要多长时间才能够将这样的伤痛抹去呢?

材料二 在拿破仑的灵柩穿过凯旋门45年之后的1885年,这个似乎是专为武士建造的凯旋门下,第一次举行了一位作家的葬礼。这位作家就是维克多·雨果。这一天,举国哀悼。也许,这是大革命以来,法国人第一次全体静默,第一次有机会共同反省和思索,在雨果的一部部作品中,站在最受瞩目位置的,是弱者,是没有阶级、地位、血缘、道德等任何附加条件的弱者。他把社会如何对待弱者作为一个社会是否进步的标志,放在了世界面前。45年前,巴黎人倾城而出为其送行,经过凯旋门下的,还是一个站在云端的“伟人”;45年后,他们相随送过凯旋门的,是为法国所有弱者呐喊的一个作家。几千年欧洲文明的积累,才最后在法国完成这样一个转变。从这一天起,法国人终于明白,不是因为有了拿破仑,而是因为有了雨果,巴黎才得救了,法国才得救了。——上述材料摘自《从拿破仑回归雨果》

(1)结合材料和所学知识说说拿破仑战争给当时法国社会造成了怎样的消极影响?

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(2)列举一部雨果的作品,说说其在文学艺术风格上呈现的特点。雨果关注弱者的社会背景是什么?结合近现代史说说法国是如何完成从崇尚专制武力到追求民主和谐这一伟大转变的。

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答案

(1)战争的失败给当时法国人民带来了民族耻辱与革命成果的丧失。战争的破坏,给人们造成极大的精神创伤。

(2)特点:《悲惨世界》《巴黎圣母院》等,浪漫主义。背景:启蒙思想家所倡导的社会理想与当时的社会现实之间产生了强烈的反差;法国政局动荡与统治的黑暗给人们带来灾难与痛苦。国民议会通过1875年宪法,使共和政体在法律上得以确立;二战后,法德的和解与合作推动了欧洲经济、政治的一体化发展。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Hilary Smith belonged to a good family. But by the age of twenty, he had spent all the money the good

old family had. He then had some trouble with the bank and was put in prison. He escaped from the prison

and ran to Australia without delay.

     Hilary did not like Australia, and Australia did not like Hilary. What he could do seemed to be one of two

things: die or work. Then he remembered that he was not alone in the world. He had an aunt.

     She was his father's only sister, but his father used to say she brought no glory to the family. Hilary, of

course, tried to discover what she had done. It seemed that she had failed to marry a nobleman. Instead, she

had chosen a husband who was connected with:"trade". Of course as soon as she became "Mrs. Parks", her

brother considered her dead. Later on, Mr. Parks died and left her a lot of money; but that did not bring her

back to life in her brother's opinion.

     Hilary discovered his aunt's address. Fortunately she remained faithful and honest to him even after she

fell ill. So Hilary's star shone again, and soon he moved into her house and lived as comfortably as a sailor

who had just reached harbour. He had only about a sixpence in his pocket.

     One thing was soon clear: his aunt was seriously ill, and nothing could cure her illness. Hilary was very

worried. Fate had found a home for him, and was now going to throw him out of it. There was only one

thing that could save him: her will.

     "Will?" she said, "yes, I have made one. That was when I was a girl and had not much money. I left all

my money to some religious people."

     "Didn't you make another will when you were married?" Hilary asked.

     His aunt shook her head. "No," she said in a low voice, "There was no need. When I finally had a lot of

money I found I had no relations."

     On the next day he went to the public library and examined a book of law. It told him what he already

believed. When a woman is married, an earlier will loses its value. A new will must be made. If no new will

is made, the money goes to the nearest relation. Hilary knew that he was his aunt's only relation. His future

was safe.

     After a few months had passed, Hilary's problems became serious. He badly needed money. He had

expensive tastes, and owed a lot of money to shopkeepers. They trusted him because his aunt was rich; but

the debt was terrible.

     Unfortunately his aunt did not want to discuss money matters at all. In the end they had a quarrel about

the small amount of ten pounds. Hilary was not very angry. He. began to wonder about a new problem. Was

it kind to want his aunt to live any longer? Was it not better for her to die now? While he was considering

what to do, his aunt told him that she was going to send for her lawyer. So she was going to make a new

will, Hilary thought. She might leave all her money to someone else. Soon he reached a clear decision. He

must do a great kindness to the poor old woman.

     One night when the old servant who had been nursing his aunt went off, he doubled the amount of some

medicine. The total amount was too great and it could just put her to sleep forever.

     "Thank you," his aunt took the glass from his hand with a grateful look. "I want, more than anything, to

sleep, and never to wake up again. Is that what you wish, Hilary? Don't blame me if I have some doubts

about what you intended to do. Sick people get these ideas, you know. One thing I ought to explain to you.

Mr. Parks never married me. He already had a wife and couldn't marry again. That made your foolish father

very angry with me... Well, if I am alive tomorrow I shall make another will in your favour. If I die tonight,

you'll get nothing... No, Hilary, don't try to take the glass away. If you do that, I shall know, and i don't want

to know. Goodnight, Hilary."

     Then, very carefully, she raised the glass to her mouth and drank.

1. From the story, we learn that Hilary's aunt was _____. 

A. bad-tempered and lonely

B. kind-hearted and wise

C. careless about money

D. cruel to her niece

2. Why did Hilary's father consider his aunt dead?

A. Because they lost contact with each other after her marriage.

B. Because she married a businessman with a wife against his will.

C. Because she broke away from the family for a better life.

D. Because he thought she was a shame to the family.

3. The underlined sentence "He must do a great kindness to the poor old woman" in paragraph 11 suggests that

    Hilary Smith _____.

A. was determined to put his aunt's life to an end

B. decided to do his aunt a favor to call in a lawyer

C. made up his mind to take good care of his aunt

D. would help his aunt to donate all her money to religious people

4. Which of the following is the focus of the story?

A. Hilary's aunt's money.

B. Hilary Smith's debts.

C. The intended murder.

D. Hilary's aunt's marriage.

5. According to the law book, _____.

A. Hilary's aunt is not allowed to make a new will

B. the money will go to Hilary after his aunt dies without a new will

C. Hilary's aunt must leave the money to the religious people after she dies

D. Hilary must look after his aunt till her death because he is the only relation

6. Which detail from the story is the climax (高潮) of the story?

A. Hilary escaped from the prison.

B. Hilary quarreled with is aunt about ten pounds.

C. Hilary's aunt drank the medicine her nephew prepared for her.

D. Hilary's aunt made a will to leave all her money to someone else.