问题 问答题 案例分析题

某钢筋混凝土框架结构标准厂房建筑,高3层,无地下室,框架柱柱距7.6m。施工单位制定了完整的施工方案,采用预拌混凝土,钢筋现场加工,并采用覆膜多层板作为结构构件模板,模架支撑采用碗扣式脚手架。施工工序安排框架柱单独浇筑,第二步梁与板同时浇筑。施工过程发生如下事件:

事件一:结构设计按最小配筋率配筋,设计中有采用HPB300级φ12mm钢筋,间距200mm。施工单位考查当地建材市场,发现市场上HPB300级φ12mm钢筋紧缺,很难买到。施工单位征得监理单位和建设单位同意后,按等强度折算后,用HRB335级直径12mm(间距250mm)的钢筋进行代换,保证整体受力不变,并按此组织实施。

事件二:二层梁板施工阶段天气晴好,气温16~27℃。梁板模板安装拼接整齐、严密并验收完毕,进行钢筋的安装,且钢筋绑扎经验收符合规范要求。在混凝土浇筑前,用水准仪抄平,保证每一构件底模表面在同一个平面上,无凹凸不平问题,开始浇筑混凝土,并现场制作混凝土试件。浇筑完毕20h覆盖并浇水养护。10d后从养护室取出一组送检试压,其强度达设计强度的80%,施工单位认为已超过设计强度75%,向监理提出拆除底模与架体支撑的申请。

事件三:拆模后发现梁底的外露面出现麻面、露筋等表面缺陷。监理要求分析原因并提出后续工程的防治措施。

事件四:工程竣工前,所有标准养护试件强度均符合设计要求,但部分同条件养护试件强度判定为不合格,监理工程师要求进行实体检测。施工单位认为应以标准养护试件强度为准,应判断结构符合要求。在建设单位的要求下,最终进行了结构实体检验,经检验合格,由建设单位组织竣工验收。

指出事件一中的不妥之处,并分别说明理由。

答案

参考答案:

事件一中不妥之处和理由分别如下:

不妥一:按等强度折算后进行钢筋代换;

理由:当构件按最小配筋率配筋时,或同钢号钢筋之间的代换,按钢筋代换前后面积相等的原则进行代换。

不妥二:征得监理单位和建设单位同意后,按此组织钢筋代换;

理由:钢筋代换时,一定要征得设计单位的同意。

填空题

Part 1


·Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps.
·For each gap (1-8) mark one letter (A-H) on the Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.

When the Young Take Their Lives


A few weeks ago, I received a particularly disturbing page. "A 22-year-old woman is in the emergency room with a gunshot wound to the head," my chief resident told me. (1) . The woman, a recent college graduate, was starting to show signs of brain death. Over the next several hours, we worked to preserve the life she had tried to throw away.
(2) . In the 30 years from 1950 to 1980, the annual suicide rate among college-age women has almost doubled, from 3.9 deaths per 100,000 to 7.0 per 100,000, while the rate among college-age men has tripled, from 10 per 100,000 to 32 per 100,000 a year. (3) .
Students kill themselves at all times of year, but attempted suicides begin to go up in the fall, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Often the immediate cause seems to be a recent rejection, disappointment or academic failure.
(4) . Even trained mental-health professionals have made mistakes. But there are warning signs you can watch for in friends and loved ones, such as withdrawing from all social activities, dramatic changes in personality—including suddenly becoming much happier or calmer-significant shifts in sleeping or eating habits and giving away cherished personal items.
(5) . Studies of suicide survivors show that often just five minutes elapse from the time someone thinks about committing suicide until the actual attempt.
Finally, it is OK to come right out and ask friends or family members whether they are thinking of suicide. (6) . Be sure to let them know that they are not alone and that help is available through school counselors and mental-health hot lines, in hospitals and now online.
Through the years, I have treated many patients who have attempted suicide. (7) . Our 22-year-old patient is awake now and even talking a bit. I’m optimistic about her physical recovery but disquieted about her chances overall. (8) . What no one knows is whether we will be able to pick up the pieces one more time.
  • A. I do it with the sincere hope that they will get better
  • B. "Oh, and it looks self-inflicted," he added
  • C. The experts will tell you that having tried to kill herself once, she is at a greater risk of trying again
  • D. This year’s toll for adults aged 19 to 24 is expected to reach 1,000 deaths
  • E. Don’t get fooled into thinking that all people who commit suicide have carefully worked out a plan in advance
  • F. You won’t be giving them any ideas
  • G. Trying to determine whether a young person is suicidal can be difficult
  • H. Her predicament made me wonder, once again, what drives people to suicide and why young people resort to such a desperate measure

单项选择题