问题 问答题 论述题

先秦国家组织的特点。

答案

参考答案:

①神权与 * * 相结合:先秦历代统治者都用神权维护自己的统治,神职事务官属的设置,在先秦尤其是夏、商、西周的国家机构中占有十分重要的地位。夏朝设秩宗,商朝设卜、巫、史,西周设太史、太祝、太卜、太士等,他们既是神权的掌握者,又是国家的重要执政官,权位显赫。

②国家组织和家族宗法制度密切结合:特别是周朝建立后,为了在全国范围内巩固奴隶制的统治秩序和适应大规模封邦建国的政治需要,建立起比商朝更严密的宗法制度和以天子为塔尖的宝塔式的等级权力结构,以宗族血缘关系为纽带,在全国形成一套完整的统治网,为适应宗法制度的“家天下”,统治者不仅建立国家政务机关,而且建立了宫廷事务官属。先秦国家的宫廷事务官属多由王的亲信贵族担任。

③选官制度主要由夏商周时期的世卿世禄制向君主委任制转变。

④更趋向于以君主为中心,国家增强了君主控制力和为君主服务的能力。

⑤神祗官由开始的崇高地位逐渐降低,求神问卜在政治决策中的作用地位也开始下降。

完形填空

完形填空:从每小题A、B、C三个选项中,选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。

Life is not easy, so I'd like to say “When anything happens, believe in yourself.”

When I was a young boy, I  1  very shy(害羞的). My classmates often laughed(笑) at me. I was unhappy but could do  2 . Later, something happened and it changed my life. It was an English speech(演讲) competition. My English teacher asked me  3  part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to speak  4  all the teachers and students of my school!

, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to win. ” Then my teacher and I  6

about many different topics. Finally I chose the topic “Believe in yourself”. I did my best to remember all the speech and practiced it over 100 times. With my teacher's great love, I did  7 in the competition. I won the first place. I could hardly(几乎不) believe my  8

when the news came. I  9  the cheers from the teachers and students.

Since then, everything has changed for me. When I do anything, I try to tell  10 to be sure and I will find myself.

小题1:A. will be                 B. was                  C. am

小题2:A. something               B. anything             C. nothing

小题3:A. take                    B. taking               C. to take

小题4:A. after                   B. before               C. with

小题5:A. Come on                 B. Go on                C. Turn on

小题6:A. told                   B. talked               C. said

小题7:A. good                    B. well                 C. interested

小题8:A. ears                    B. eyes                 C. story

小题9:A. listened                B. heard                C. sounded

小题10:A. I                      B. my                   C. myself

问答题 简答题