问题 填空题

在水工建筑施工过程中,经常遇到测垂线的情况,对于一般小型建筑物的测量放样,也可以用()直接放出垂线。

答案

参考答案:皮尺

阅读理解

Another food which is closely associated with Americans is apple pie.Apple pie is often served hot with a spoon of ice cream or a slice of cheese at the end of the biggest meal of the day—dinner, and it is a favorite dessert throughout the nation, if a person is typical of Americans, we can say, "He is as American as apple pie."

It is true that the apple and apple pie do not originate in America, but the expression "as American as apple pie" is not the product of a pure imagination.As early as 1625, the English colonists, having brought orchards (果园) on this new land and in most of the colonial times, the apple was a main material of both plain and fancy cooking.The first Massachusetts governor, William Endicott, was one of many keen apple planters who helped to lay the foundations for today' s apple-growing industry in America.

A major attraction of the apple for the colonists was that it could be made into cider (苹果酒). Like most Europeans, English colonists held a strong suspicion (怀疑) of drinking water, and since grapegrowing was hindered by plant peats, cider became an alternative to wine.Cheap and easy to produce, it was the American drink of first choice well into the nineteenth century. Whether it was dried, raw or cooked, the apple also found its way into numerous colonial dishes, including apple sauces, pudding, stuffings and many desserts.Therefore, the conclusion to be drawn here is obvious.The apple pie became known as American, not because it was invented on this land (since it was proved that Europeans had been eating apple pies for centuries), but because, thanks to the huge orchards in the states of Washington and New York, America became the world's largest apple-producing nation.

小题1:If a person is said to be as American as apple pie, it means that _______.

A.he always prefers apple pie as a dessert

B.his favourite pie is apple pie

C.he behaves and thinks in the American way

D.he is good at making American apple pie小题2:The apple can be used to make into all of the following except _______.

A.wine

B.sauces

C.pudding

D.cider小题3:The underlined word hindered in Paragraph 3 means.________.

A.promoted

B.prevented

C.improved

D.enlarged小题4:It can be concluded from the passage that_______.

A.the apple pie was first served in America

B.the English colonists developed a taste for the apple only after they, arrived at the New World

C.the expression "as American as apple pie" is a pure imagination

D.the apple pie is traditionally associated with Americans due to their large apple production

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文言文,回答问题

宗泽字汝霖,婺州义乌人。泽自幼豪爽有大志。登元祐六年进士第。廷对极陈时弊,考官恶直,置末甲。

调大名馆陶尉。吕惠卿师鄜延,檄泽与邑令视河埽①,檄至,泽适丧长子,奉檄遽行。惠卿闻之,曰:“可谓国尔忘家者。”适朝廷大开御河,时方隆冬,役夫僵仆于道,中使督之急。泽曰浚河细事,乃上书其帅曰:“时方凝寒,徒苦民而功未易集,少需之,至初春,可不扰而办。”卒用其言上闻,从之。惠卿辟为属,辞。

靖康元年,中丞陈过庭等列荐,假宗正少卿,充和议使,泽曰:“是行不生还矣。”或问之,泽曰:“敌能悔过退师固善,否则安能屈节北庭以辱君命乎。”议者谓泽刚方不屈,恐害和议。上不遣,命知磁州。

时太原失守,官两河者率讬故不行。泽曰:“食禄而避难,不可也。”即日单骑就道,从羸卒十余人。泽至,缮城壁,浚隍池,治器械,募义勇,始为固守不移之计。上嘉之。除河北义兵都总管。金人破真定,引兵南取庆源,自李固渡渡河,恐泽兵蹑其后,遣数千骑直扣磁州城。泽擐甲登城,令壮士以神臂弓射走之,开门纵击,斩首数百级。所获羊马金帛,悉以赏军士。

二年正月,泽至开德。以孤军进,都统陈淬言敌方炽,未可轻举。泽怒,欲斩之,诸将乞贷淬,使得效死。泽命淬进兵,遇金人,败之。

泽兵进至卫南,度将孤兵寡,不深入不能成功。先驱云前有敌营,泽挥众直前与战,败之。转战而东,敌益生兵②至,王孝忠战死,前后皆敌垒。泽下令曰:“今日进退等死,不可不从死中求生。”士卒知必死,无不一当百,斩首数千级。金人大败,退却数十余里。泽计敌众十余倍于我,今一战而却,势必复来,使悉其铁骑夜袭吾军,则危矣。乃暮徙其军。金人夜至,得空营,大惊,自是惮泽,不敢复出兵。泽出其不意,遣兵过大河③袭击,败之。

《宋史• 列传一百十九》

【注释】

①河埽:埽,音sào,旧时治河,把树枝、秫秸、石头等捆扎成圆柱形用以堵口或护岸的东西。通常用许多埽做成水工建筑物。河埽,泛指黄河堤岸上的防护设施。 ②生兵:生力军,新投入战斗的精锐部队。 ③大河:黄河。

小题1:下面各句中加粗字解释有误的一项是

A.恐泽兵蹑其后蹑:跟踪、追随

B.诸将乞贷淬贷:宽恕、宽免

C.假宗正少卿假:不真,非正式的

D.惠卿辟为属辟:征召小题2:对“而”字用法分类正确的一项是

①徒苦民而功未易集  ②可不扰而办   ③食禄而避难   ④转战而东

A.①②相同,③④相同

B.①③相同,②④相同

C.①②③相同,④不同

D.①②④相同,③不同小题3:下列各句中加粗词语解释有误的一项是

A.未可轻举轻举:轻易攻取

B.少需之,至初春少需:需要等待

C.陈淬言敌方炽方炽:正嚣张

D.先驱云前有敌营先驱:先头部队小题4:用现代汉语翻译文中画线的句子

①官两河者率讬故不行 ___________________________________

②今日进退等死_________________________________

③使悉其铁骑夜袭吾军,则危矣,乃暮徙其军  ______________________________

小题5:下列语句中全都表现宗泽热爱国家、英勇抗金的一组是

①泽适丧长子,奉檄遽行    ②是行不生还矣      ③始为固守不移之计

④遣数千骑直扣磁州城   ⑤议者谓泽刚方不屈,恐害和议  ⑥泽挥众直前与战

A.①④⑤

B.②③⑥

C.②③④

D.①⑤⑥小题6:下列各项中,对内容理解有误的一项是

A.隆冬时节,朝廷疏浚御河。宗泽不顾长子刚丧,奉檄即行。看到役夫因天寒而僵仆于道,上书其帅要求工程推至初春进行。

B.靖康元年,宗泽被推荐任和议使。他抱定不生还的信念,决心不向金人屈节。参与讨论的大臣怕他妨害和议之事,不同意派他前往。

C.太原失守,宗泽认为不能食国家俸禄而躲避国家灾难,毅然前往,积极备战。战时披甲登城,亲自指挥作战,大获全胜。

D.宗泽审时度势,以寡兵孤将深入敌人军营,置之死地而后生。士卒以一当百,奋勇杀敌,大败金兵。