问题 问答题 简答题

简述用断面仪测量开挖断面的原理及方法。

答案

参考答案:

激光断面仪测量开挖断面的方法:

(1)以某物理方向(如水平方向)为起算方向,按一定间距(角度或距离)依次一一测定仪器旋转中心与实际开挖轮廓线的交点之间的距离及该距离与水平方向的夹角。

(2)将这些距离端点依次相连即可获得实际开挖的轮廓线。

(3)通过控制导线获得断面仪的定点定向数据,利用计算机软件自动完成实际开挖轮廓线与设计开挖轮廓线的空间三维匹配,形成输出图形。

(4)同时输出各测点与相应设计开挖轮廓线之间的超欠挖值9距离、面积)。算得实际开挖方量、超挖方量、欠挖方量。 

阅读理解

It started off as part of French military training and has since evolved as a sport, founded by Sebastian Foucan and David Belle, to encompass a wide variety of techniques, philosophies and exercises. Park-our now enjoys the devotion of many die-hard fans across the world and has been the source for much inspiration.

But what is park-our? It is the art of using only your body to navigate from Point A to B in the least time possible, which involves besides leaping, climbing and sprinting, various unusual and complex movements to overcome barriers. Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.

Yes, that’s pork-our, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Park-our is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.

Park-our can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see much more in park-our than that.

To overcome all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy(理念)behind park-our. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in park-our and never fall back from them in your life to reach the destination successfully. A park-our lover said, “I love park-our, because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”

Another philosophy we’ve learned from park-our is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself so that you earn energy and confidence.

小题1: Park-our has become popular throughout the world because of ________.

A.its founder, David Belle

B.the film, Casino Royale

C.its risks and tricks

D.the varieties of participants小题2:The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.

A.streets

B.objects

C.barriers

D.roofs小题3:As its participants move around a city, _________.

A.they can ask for help

B.they may choose to escape

C.they should run to extremes

D.they must learn to survive小题4:Which of the following is TRUE about park-our?

A.It challenges human abilities.

B.It is a good but boring sport

C.It needs special training

D.It is a team sport小题5:Which of the following is the philosophy of park-our?

A.Sports and extremes.

B.Excitement and freedom.

C.Dreams and success.

D.Self-confidence and freedom.

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