问题 问答题 简答题

外来化合物如何扰乱机体的正常代谢?

答案

参考答案:

(一)局部刺激和腐蚀作用

①局部刺激作用:化学物质在未吸收前,刺激接触部位引起局部炎症的反应,并引起流涎、腹泻、羞明流泪、咳嗽、发痒等病理适应性反应和临床病理学变化。

②腐蚀作用:腐蚀性化学物质对接触部位有强烈的刺激、腐蚀作用而引起灼伤。

(二)扰乱正常代谢:化学物质吸收入血分布全身后,可引起化学反应,导致机体生理生化功能的紊乱。

①影响组织对氧的利用:亚硝酸盐、氰化物中毒。

②影响酶的活性

(三)损害机体的生理功能:化学物对消化机能的影响;化学物对血液系统的毒性作用;化学物对免疫系统的毒性作用;化学物对肝脏的毒性作用;化学物对肾脏的毒性作用;化学物对心血管系统的毒性作用;化学物对呼吸系统的毒性作用;化学物对神经系统的毒性作用;化学物对生殖系统的毒性作用;化学物对内分泌系统的毒性作用。

阅读理解

Blue Ocean Aquarium(蓝色海洋水族馆) is a great place for families to take a holiday. Children love to see the sea animals and watch films about sharks(鲨鱼)in it.

Last Saturday morning, Mr Jackson took his wife and two little sons to the aquarium. At the ticket office, he asked, "How much shall I pay(付款) to get in?" The woman at the ticket office answered, "The price is 20 dollars for each adult or any kid(小孩) older than five. We let kids in free(免费) if they are five or younger. How old are your kids?" Mr Jackson said, "The older one is six and the younger one is three.  I think I must buy three tickets. " The woman was surprised. She said, "Sir, don't you want to save(节省) 20 dollars? If you tell me your older son is five, I won't know the difference. " Mr Jackson said with a smile, "Yes, that sounds right, but my kids will know the difference. "

From Mr Jackson' s story, we know honesty is very important in the modern society(在现代社会). We should tell the truth(事实) to the people around us, especially(尤其是) to the kids.

小题1:Mr Jackson spend     on their tickets to the aquarium at last.

A.20 dollars

B.40 dollars

C.60 dollars

D.80 dollars小题2:Children can see      in Blue Ocean Aquarium.

A.dolphins

B.lions

C.giraffes

D.tigers小题3:The word “honesty” means     .

A.激情

B.友谊

C.乐观

D.诚实小题4:What can we learn from the passage?

A.Mr Jackson was very rich.

B.Mr Jackson wanted to save s ome money.

C.Mr Jackson paid for his two son’s tickets at last.

D.Mr Jackson thought honesty was more important than money.

填空题