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《凤凰涅槃》的主题思想是什么?

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《凤凰涅槃》是《女神》的代表性作品,标志着其创作的最高成就。长诗反映了彻底地火葬旧社会以争取祖国自由解放,彻底地火葬旧传统以争取个性解放的革命思想,表现了五四时代反帝反封建的狂飙突进的战斗精神。长诗对古代传说加以艺术的改造而炼成完整的情节。在“序曲”里写除夕将近一对凤凰在寒风凛冽、万物枯朽的丹穴山上唱着哀歌为自己安排火葬。在凤凰临死前的歌中,诗人借凤鸟的哀鸣对冷酷、黑暗、腥秽的旧世界发出强烈的诅咒,并对“那个阴秽的世界”发出诘问:“你到底为什么存在”,表现了诗人对黑暗社会的愤懑和否定。

在凰歌中,凰鸟在滔滔的泪水中倾诉了无限的哀痛,它回想起那过去悲哀、烦恼、寂寥、衰败的历史,决心要追回那“年青时候的”“新鲜”“甘美”“光华”的年代,表现出诗人对千百年来封建社会的诀别,显示出五四新一代思想的迅速觉醒。凤凰对旧世界决绝,英勇地投火自焚,以求得新生,体现了诗人要把旧中国彻底改造为新中国的强烈愿望。在火中燃烧而获得新生的不只是凤凰,也象征着诗人自己。“凤凰更生歌”是全诗的高潮,写东方黎明时分,凤凰更生后出现一片“新鲜、净朗、华美、芬芳”,春潮滚滚,生气勃勃的光明世界,这也是诗人对新中国的憧憬与展望。《凤凰涅槃》集中地体现了诗人那种“不断的毁坏,不断的创造,不断努力”的思想。

单项选择题
单项选择题

A study released a little over a week ago, which found that eldest children end up, on average, with slightly higher IQ’s than younger siblings, was a reminder that the fight for self-definition starts much earlier than freshman year. Families, whatever the relative intelligence of their members, often treat the firstborn as if he or she were the most academic, and the younger siblings fill in other niches: the wild one, the flirt.

These imposed caricatures, in combination with the other labels that accumulate from the sandbox through adolescence, can seem over time like a miserable entourage of identities that can be silenced only with hours of therapy. But there’s another way to see these alternate identities: as challenges that can sharpen psychological skills. In a country where reinvention is considered a birthright, many people seem to treat old identities the way Houdini treated padlocked boxes: something to wriggle free from, before being dragged down. And psychological research suggests that this ability can be a sign of mental resilience, of taking control of your own story rather than being trapped by it.

The late-night bull sessions in college or at backyard barbecues are at some level like out-of-body experiences, allowing a re-coloring of past experience to connect with new acquaintances. A more obvious outlet to expand identity—and one that’s available to those who have not or cannot escape the family and community where they’re known and labeled—is the Internet. Admittedly, a lot of the role-playing on the Internet can have a deviant quality. But researchers have found that many people who play life-simulation games, for example, set up the kind of families they would like to have had, even script alternate versions of their own role in the family or in a peer group.

Decades ago the psychologist Erik Erickson conceived of middle age as a stage of life defined by a tension between stagnation and generativity-a healthy sense of guiding and nourishing the next generation, of helping the community. Ina series of studies, the Northwestern psychologist Dan P. McAdams has found that adults in their 40s and 50s whose lives show this generous quality—who often volunteer, who have a sense of accomplishment—tell very similar stories about how they came to be who they are. Whether they grew up in rural poverty or with views of Central Park, they told their life stories as series of redemptive lessons. When they failed a grade, they found a wonderful tutor, and later made the honor roll; when fired From a good job, they were forced to start their own business.

This similarity in narrative constructions most likely reflects some agency, a willful reshaping and re-imagining of the past that informs the present. These are people who, whether pegged as nerds or rebels or plodders, have taken control of the stories that form their identities.

In conversation, people are often willing to hand out thumbnail descriptions of themselves:" I’m kind of a hermit." Or a talker, a practical joker, a striver, a snob, a morning person. But they are more likely to wince when someone else describes them so authoritatively.

Maybe that’s because they have come too far, shaken off enough old labels already. Like escape artists with a lifetime’s experience slipping through chains, they don’t want or need any additional work. Because while most people can leave their family niches, schoolyard nicknames and high school reputations behind, they don’t ever entirely forget them.

Psychologists seem to believe that if adults want to remake their identity, they need to()

A. tell their psychologists very similar stories about themselves

B. command the identity-forming factors themselves

C. quit their jobs and start their own business

D. hire a wonderful tutor to get themselves into the honor roll