问题 问答题 简答题

燃气埋地PE管道(或无法精确定位的管道)的查漏步骤及方法。

答案

参考答案:

1、首先了解燃气泄漏的原因和环境,参考管网图区分管道的材质,并选用其检测工具、设备和查漏的方法。

2、检测工具、设备选用:主要有地下金属管道探查仪、气体浓度检测仪、钻孔棒、钻孔机等。

3、燃气埋地PE管道(或无法精确定位)的查漏方法:若PE管敷设有金属示踪线,可用探测法探测PE管金属示踪线,对PE管基本定位。若PE管未敷设有金属示踪线,只能参考管网图,先采用随机取样法再使用钻孔取样法进行泄漏分析。

A、随机取样法。用有Vol.%量程(0~100%)的检测仪,随机对孔穴、地缝或窨井等处进行检测(地面位置相对较高处的气体浓度相对较高,越接近泄漏点处的浓度相对较高),随机取样尽可能扩大查找范围,特别要查清因燃气泄漏至下水道或电缆(沟)井内的甲烷浓度,以防达到爆炸极限引起爆炸事故的发生,从而采取防范措施。

B、钻孔取样法:参考管网图和随机取样浓度,根据管道相对位置,从随机取样浓度相对较高处,采用跳跃式(即在管道上方地面,每间隔一定距离)用手工打孔或钻孔机钻孔。当打了第一个孔后,立即进行甲烷浓度取样,再距第一个孔位左右各1米(或不等距离,视取样浓度大小而定)处连续进行跳跃式打孔取样。并通过甲烷浓度取样分析(浓度相对较高点,越接近燃气泄漏点)判断,缩小其燃气泄漏范围,从而减少盲目开挖。

C、开挖判断法。先针对最高浓度点开挖。一般路面采用人工开挖,水泥路面或坚石路面可先用机械设备破碎路面。当开挖接近燃气泄漏点时,土质一般较为干燥,同时有明显的气流声或气味,若管道泄漏点周围有大量积水,可以看见水中有明显的气泡,则可明确判断此处为管道泄漏点。

判断题
填空题

A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not ______(1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two__________(2) to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for__________(3); second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will__________(4). The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write ______(5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the_________(6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest__________(7) and communication hardware and software.Does a born and bred bilingual__________(8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in__________(9) There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important.__________(10), a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing __________(11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what __________(12) known as a lingualism, a state in which a person lacks_________(13) full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals__________(14) don’’t know the culture of the target language well enough to_________(15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language__________(16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they_________(17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often_________(18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.On_________(19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth _________(20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.