问题 问答题

简述魏晋玄学的产生背景及其代表人物的基本思想。

答案

参考答案:[参考答案:要点]
背景:汉代儒学的神秘化、繁琐化,使之丧失了统治思想的功能,魏晋士族门阀阶层需要寻 求适应自身需要的统治思想;汉末以后的长期动荡,经学传授的“家法”、“师法”传统断裂,为新的学术风气兴起创造了条件。
代表人物的基本思想:玄学探讨“有”与“无”的关系,最终落实到“自然”与“名教”的关系 上。何晏、王弼主张“有”生于“无”,“名教本于自然”;嵇康、阮籍主张“贵无”,“越名教而任自然”,蔑弃礼法;裴颁、郭象“崇有”,认为一切“有”皆“块然自生”、“名教即自然”,抬高名教的地位。

解析:
本题属于“中国古代史”第五章“魏晋南北朝”的“魏晋南北朝的思想、文化和科技”的内容。 考查玄学的基本知识(其产生的背景及其代表人物的基本思想)。

完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36~55各题所给的A、 B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children identify   36  a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are   37  of that parent. The things parents do and say---and the   38  they do and say to them--therefore strongly influence a child’s   39 . However, parents must consistently behave like the type of   40  they want their child to become.
A parent’s actions   41  affect the self-image that a child forms   42  identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their   43  will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly   44  qualities in their parents will have difficulty   45  positive qualities in themselves. Children may   46  their self-image, however, as they become increasingly   47   by peers groups standards before they reach 13.
Isolated(孤立的) events,   48  dramatic(突然的) ones, do not necessarily have a permanent   49  on a child’s  behavior. Children interact such events according to their established attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can,   50 , accept the divorce of their parents’ or a parent’s early   51 . But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events   52  a sign of rejection or punishment.
In the same way, all children are not influenced   53  by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs.   54  in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the   55  of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.
小题1:
A.toB.withC.aroundD.for
小题2:
A.informedB.characteristicC.conceivedD.indicative
小题3:
A.gestureB.expressionC.wayD.extent
小题4:
A.behavior B.wordsC.moodD.reactions
小题5:
A.personB.humansC.creaturesD.adult
小题6:
A.in turnB.neverthelessC.alsoD.as a result
小题7:
A.beforeB.besidesC.withD.through
小题8:
A.eyesB.parentsC.peersD.behaviors
小题9:
A.negative B.cheerfulC.variousD.complex
小题10:
A.seeB.seeingC.to seeD.to seeing
小题11:
A.modifyB.copyC.give upD.continue
小题12:
A.matureB.influencedC.uniqueD.independent
小题13:
A.notB.besidesC.evenD.finally
小题14:
A.ideaB.wonderC.stampD.effect
小题15:
A.luckilyB.for exampleC.at mostD.theoretically
小题16:
A.deathB.rewardsC.adviceD.teaching
小题17:
A.asB.beingC.ofD.for
小题18:
A.evenB.at allC.alikeD.as a whole
小题19:
A.EvenB.SinceC.RightD.As
小题20:
A.resultB.effectC.scaleD.cause
单项选择题 A1/A2型题