问题 问答题

简述教育思想史上有代表性的教育目的观及其基本观点。

答案

参考答案:在世界教育史上,有着不同的教育目的观。根据教育目的选择确立中的不同价值取向,教育价值观可分为两大类:个人本位论和社会本位论。
个人本位论是把人的价值看成高于社会价值,把人作为教育目的根本所在的思想主张。其特点是:重视人的价值、个性发展及其需要,把人的个性发展及其需要的满足视为教育的价值所在;认为教育目的的根本在于使人的本性、本能得到自然发展,使其需要得到满足;主张应根据人的本性发展和自身完善这种“天然的需要”来确立教育目的,按照人的本性和发展的需要来规定教育目的。代表人物是:卢梭、裴斯泰洛齐、康德、马斯洛、萨特等。
社会本位论是把满足社会需要视为教育的根本价值的思想主张。它认为,社会是人们赖以生存发展的基础,教育是培养人的社会活动.教育培养的效果只能以其社会功能的好坏来加以衡量,离开社会需要.教育就不能满足社会的需求。代表人物是:纳托普、斯泰纳、孔德和涂尔于等。

单项选择题 B型题
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I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, “I’m having a dinner party” means: "I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat." Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: "Where are you going?" And it's not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know I have nowhere to go.

But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India. Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations in New York. The mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdale's, a well-known department store.

For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club.

小题1:What does the word "shot" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A.Choice.

B.Try

C.Style.

D.Goal小题2:What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?

A There is a strange mix of people.       B. The restaurants are expensive.

C. The bill is not fairly shared.        D. People have to pay cash

小题3:What does the author think of the parties in London?

A.A bit unusual

B.Full of tricks.

C.Less costly.

D.More interesting.小题4: What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience?

A.Easy-going.

B.Self-centred.

C. Generous.

D.Conservative.