问题 问答题

椎动脉系统的主要分支及血供是怎样的

答案

参考答案:椎动脉起自锁骨下动脉,穿第6至第1颈椎横突孔,经枕骨大孔入颅。在脑桥与延髓交界处,左右椎动脉汇合成一条基底动脉,后者沿脑桥腹侧面的基底沟上行,至脑桥上缘分为两大终支——左右大脑后动脉。椎动脉的主要分支如下。
(1)脊髓前动脉、脊髓后动脉:脊髓前动脉、脊髓后动脉在下行过程中,不断得到节段性动脉的增补,以营养脊髓。脊髓前动脉自椎动脉发出后,沿延髓腹侧下降,并向中线靠拢,在枕骨大孔上方汇成一干,沿前正中裂下行至脊髓末端。脊髓后动脉自椎动脉发出后,两条动脉向后走行,沿脊神经后很内侧平行下降,直至脊髓末端。脊髓前动脉、脊髓后动脉之间借横行的吻合支互相交通,形成动脉冠,由动脉冠再分支进入脊髓内部。脊髓前动脉的分支主要分布于脊髓前角、侧角、灰质连合、后角基部、前索和侧索。脊髓后动脉的分支则分布于脊髓后角的其余部分和后索。
(2)小脑下后动脉:为椎动脉颅内段最大的分支,在两侧椎动脉汇合成基底动脉之前发出。供应小脑下面后部和延髓后外侧部。该动脉行程弯曲,较易发生栓塞而出现同侧面部浅感觉障碍、对侧躯体浅感觉障碍(交叉性麻痹)和小脑共济失调等。基底动脉的主要分支有:
1)小脑下前动脉:自基底动脉始段发出,供应小脑下面的前部。
2)迷路动脉:又称内听动脉,很细,伴随面神经和前庭蜗神经进入内耳门,供应内耳迷路。
3)脑桥动脉:为一些细小分支,供应脑桥基底部。
4)小脑上动脉:近基底动脉的末端分出,绕大脑脚向后,供应小脑上部。
(3)大脑后动脉:在脑桥上缘附近发出,在小脑上动脉的上方并与之平行向外,绕大脑脚向后,沿海马回钩转至颞叶和枕叶内侧面。皮质支分布于颞叶的内侧面、底面及枕叶。中央支由根部发出,由脚间窝穿入脑实质,供应背侧丘脑,内膝状体、外膝状体,下丘脑、底丘脑等。大脑后动脉借后交通动脉与颈内动脉末端交通。大脑后动脉与小脑上动脉根部之间夹有动眼神经,当颅内压增高时,颞叶海马回钩移至小脑幕切迹下方,使大脑后动脉移位,压迫、牵拉动眼神经,可致动眼神经麻痹。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     VINCOUVER (Reuters)-South Korea's Kim Yuna can finally relax and doesn't need to think about the future

after she won the gold medal in the women's figure skating (花样滑冰) on Thursday.

     The 19-year-old was the overwhelming (压倒性的) favorite to finish top of the podium (颁奖台) but said

the pressure going into the event was large.

     "I feel now as if a huge burden has been lifted," the Games' highest-earning female athlete-she makes an

estimated $8 million a year-said after her near-perfect program where she nailed all of her 11 jumps.

     "I will enjoy this moment and think about things later. I was just thrilled on the podium and I feel so relieved.

I had been running toward this dream of the Olympics and was so happy to be here," she said.

     "Since I have achieved the most important goal in my life, I am going to enjoy this moment for a while and

then think about what I am going to do," a smiling Yuna said.

     Japanese rival Mao Asada took silver while Joannic Rochette of Canada grabbed the bronze medal four days

after her mother died.

     "I still cannot believe I did what I wanted to do at the Olympics. I have been dreaming about this moment

and I cannot believe it is not a dream anymore." said Yuna.

     South Korea was counting on her to grab their first gold medal in figure skating and the first Winter

Olympics gold medal outside short track and speed skating.

     "I was just happy to have skated a clean program. It was the first time I skated two clean programs. During

the program when I finished all elements I thought this is going to be yeah...this is it."

1. Kim Yuna felt relaxed because _____.

A. the competition was over

B. her dream finally came true

C. she won a large amount of money

D. she became well-known overnight

2. According to the passage, Kim Yuna _____.

A. had a strong sense of team spirit in the Games

B.won the first gold medal for South Korea in the Winter Olympics

C. had expected she would surely win the gold medal

D. joined in the competition with great pressure from her country

3. The underlined word "rival" in Paragraph 6 most probably means "_____".

A. competitor

B. coach

C. judge

D. hostess

4. It is known from the passage that _____.

A. Kim Yuna is a person of great confidence

B. Joannic Rochette joined in the games with great sorrow

C. Kim Yuna is the richest athlete in South Korea

D. Mao Asada took silver medal by accident

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