With U.S. companies sitting on an estimated $1.8 trillion in cash, it raises the question: Why aren’t they deploying more of their hoard to expand their businesses Or one might channel John Maynard Keynes to ask: Where have the "animal spirits" gone Although capital spending in the U.S. is up 12 percent since the lows of early 2009, it’s still running $88 billion below the peak of $1.34 trillion reached in the first quarter of 2008, says Joseph LaVorgna, chief U.S. economist at Deutsche Bank. He doesn’t expect capital spending to catch up to that peak level and officially start to expand until the second quarter of 2011. (LaVorgna’s definition of capital spending includes physical equipment and software, but not structures such as new stores or manufacturing plants. Spending on structures is about 2 percent of gross domestic product, one-third the size of capital sending’s contribution to GDP, he says.)
"The trend and momentum have definitely turned and it’s just a matter of time before you see other companies give way to capital spending, and eventually that will result in hiring," says LaVorgna. But with spending running $88 billion below peak, he says employment "should be farther along than it is." Companies that have built up a lot of cash are starting to take some chances such as expanding into new markets, which requires hiring new workers, says John Challenger, chief executive officer of Challenger, Gray & Christmas, an employment consulting firm. U.S. companies have announced the hiring of 118,209 new employees through August, according to data collected by the firm.
So who’s stepping up to the plate Some companies refuse to be cowed and are taking big, if calculated, chances, including ambitious capital projects, hiring new workers, and expanded investment in research and development, according to growth-oriented mutual fund managers contacted by Businessweek.com. If there’s a common denominator, it’s a perceived opportunity and confidence in sustainable demand, whether due to new trends in technology or to new markets that need certain products. Other names came from a list of the top-hiring U.S. companies through July 2010 compiled by Challenger, Gray & Christmas.
"We don’t spend capital unless we have a new contract to supply oxygen, nitrogen, or hydrogen to our customers," says James Sawyer, Praxair’s chief financial officer. "Those are 15-year contracts with minimal take-or-pay clauses written into them, which ensure we will get a good return on our capital investment, regardless of how the rest of the economy is doing."
Some younger outfits with entrepreneurial managers who have lived through a few business cycles think their companies may be able to steal a march on competitors more reluctant to spend, says Aram Green, manager of Clear Bridge Advisors Small Cap Growth Fund. "There’s clearly been a decision by management that ’This is not the time to take our foot off the accelerator. In fact, it’s time to push harder and further distance our product from the competition.’\
The phrase "stepping up to the plate" (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means （）.
A.breaking the rules
B.waiting for a chance
C.taking actions
D.making complaints
参考答案：C
解析：
[试题类型] 语意理解题。
[解题思路] 根据题干关键词stepping up to the plate定位至第一段首句。由句首的so可知，这句话与上段关系密切，分析第二段可知，该段主要讲了资本投资的势头已经改变，许多企业都已转向投资，并引用了Challenger, Gray & Christmas公司的首席执行官约翰·查林杰的话，以及该公司的统计数据支持以上观点。而第三段首句这一问句后作者的回答也是说一些公司不想退缩，并准备冒很大的风险，包括雄心勃勃的资金投入项目，雇用新员工等(are taking big...chances, including...)。由此可见，who’s stepping up to the plate即作者在问哪些公司在进行风险投资。step up to the plate意为“采收行动”，是对“进行风险投资”含义的抽象概括，选项[C]最符合原文的语意逻辑，为本题的答案。
[干扰排除] 由以上分析可知，选项[A]“打破规则”，选项[B]“等待时机”，选项[D]“抱怨”都不符合文意，故排除。