问题 问答题 案例分析题

在菲律宾马克坦岛上航海家麦哲伦遇难的地方,有一座纪念亭,亭中立有一块石座铜碑。碑的正面有这样的文字:“费尔南多•麦哲伦。1521年4月27日,费尔南多•麦哲伦死于此地。他在与马克坦岛酋长拉普拉普的战士们交战中受伤身亡。麦哲伦船队的一艘船——维多利亚号,在埃尔卡诺的指挥下,于1521年5月1日升帆驶离宿务港,并于1522年9月6日返抵西班牙港口停泊,第一次环球航海就这样完成了。”

这块碑的背面,则刻着另一段文字:“拉普拉普。1521年4月27日,拉普拉普和他的战士们,在这里打退了西班牙入侵者,杀死了他们的首领——费尔南多•麦哲伦。由此,拉普拉普成为击退欧洲人侵略的第一位菲律宾人。”

纪念碑正面和背面镌刻的文字都包含着对逝者的价值评价,其依据有何不同?这种评价差异反映了价值判断的什么特点?

答案

参考答案:

据:纪念碑正面的文字是对麦哲伦的评价,评价依据是他领导了第一次环球航海,对人类文明作出

贡献;

纪念碑背面的文字是对拉普拉普的评价,评价依据是他领导反侵略斗争,对祖国作出了贡献。

特点:价值判断具有相对性,人们的社会地位不同、需要不同,价值判断也就不同,会对同一事物或行为作出不同甚至截然相反的判断;价值判断的相对性并不否定价值判断的客观性,做出正确的价值判断,必须遵循社会发展的客观规律。

解析:首先要找出纪念碑正面和背面的评价对象分别是谁,从哪个角度进行的评价,并且分析两种评价的不同。评价依据为二人的主要作为:麦哲伦是环球航海第一人,拉普拉普是抵御侵略领导者,这种评价的差异性反映的是价值判断的相对性。在具体说明这种相对性的基础上,还应延伸说明价值判断的客观性以及进行正确价值判断的要求。

阅读理解

As the old saying goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. But Venezuela, whose beauty queens have won Miss Universe and Miss World over six times, doesn’t leave it to chance. In Venezuela, girls as young as four can be found attending beauty schools, where they can learn a range of skills from how to walk to the correct way to hold a wine glass.

“Hair must always be completely clean, make-up should look natural, and you should always, always wear high-heels,” advises Andrea Reyes, a teacher in a school of Caracas with 160 students.

Beauty contests are treated in Venezuela much as sporting competitions are elsewhere. Many Venezuelan parents believe that if their daughters can succeed and get the beauty crown, their future as famous and public persons is sure to come. As a result, the girls are trained to compete at a young age.

Among former beauty queens are Irene Saez, who went on to compete for the country’s president, and Eva Ekvall, whose battle with cancer helped to make more people know about the illness in Venezuela.

However, voices against the trend can be heard all over the country. At one time, a feminist (男女平等主义者) group tried to stop the Miss Venezuela broadcast. President Hugo Chavez has spoken out against the culture of plastic surgery(整形手术)in Venezuela, calling it a “frightening thing”.

The BBC reporter Sarah Grainger says that acceptance of the contests is partly a result of the country’s “machista” (大男子主义的) view of the different roles that men and women should play, “Men are supposed to be strong and brave and women to be gentle and beautiful”.

Miss Universe 1996, Alicia Machado, knows the price to be paid when you’re no longer seen as attractive. After winning the beauty contest, she said all she wanted to do was “eat, eat and eat”. Her weight gain later and warning by the organizers of the contest to replace her as queen with the runner-up was among the hottest topics in the country, especially in Latin America.

小题1:What’s the advice given by a teacher in Caracas to her students?

A.Attending beauty schools as early as possible.

B.Wearing high-heels at times.

C.Washing your hair quite often.

D.Fighting against cancer bravely.小题2:Girls try to win in the beauty contest to__________.

A.try plastic surgery

B.practice the country’s “machista” view

C.earn a good future

D.eat as much as one pleases小题3:We can learn from the passage that__________.

A.Venezuela girls have won Miss Universe and Miss World over six times by chance

B.In Venezuela, people judge men and women in quite different ways

C.Eva Ekvall once competed for the country’s president

D.Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez has spoken out against beauty contests小题4:What does the underlined word “runner-up” in the last paragraph mean?

A.the news reporter covering the beauty contest

B.the organizer of the beauty contest

C.the girl who is slim

D.the person who comes in the second place

单项选择题