The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. (47)Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
(48)An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. (49)If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. (50)In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
参考答案：[译文] 另一方面，如果大量生产某种商品使其成本降低，这就会使销售一生产商提供的供给增加，反过来使价格下降，并使更多的消费者能够购买该产品。
解析： 本句是一个复合句，开始是if引导的一个条件从句，主语是动名词短语producing more of a commodity，谓语是results in，宾语是reducing its cost；主句的主干是this will tend to increase the supply...，supply后面的分词结构offered by seller-producers后置作supply的定语；而句末的which引导一个非限定性定语从句，其中which指的是它前面的整个主句的内容。
[词汇] commodity(商品，日用品)result in(导致)，注意区别result from(由……产生)
| 可接受的翻译 | 不可接受的翻译 |
| on the other hand：另一方面 | on the other hand：在另一只手里 |
| results in reducing its cost：导致其成本降低 | results in reducing its cost：由于其成本降低 |
例1：另一方面，如果大量生产某种商品使其成本降低，这就会使销售一生产商提供的供给增加，从而使价格下降，并使更多的消费者能够购买该产品。
例2：另一方面，如果生产更多某种商品使其成本降低，这就会使销售一生产商提供的供给增加，这将降低价格，并允许更多的消费者来购买该产品。
例3：另一方面，如果由于减少成本而生产很多的商品，这将会使售货员一生产者提供的增加供给，这将会使价格下降，并使更多的消费者能够购买该产品。
例4：另一方面，如果由于减少成本而生产很多的一个商品，这将会趋向于使售货员一生产者增加供给，这将降低价格，并允许更多的消费者来购买该产品。
例5：如果，在另一只手里，生产很多的一个商品由于减少成本，这将会使售货员一生产者增加供给，降低价格，并允许更多的消费者来购买该产品。
