问题 问答题 案例分析题

材料一:欧洲人在技术(包括军事技术在内)、经济和行政上的成就远优于亚非地区的人民。籍着这些成就,欧洲人能够让亚非地区的人民在世界市场上享有他们的成品,大量工业生产的利益,改进了生产力,较佳的保健教育、内政上的安全、以及改善了的行政。欧洲商人、工业家、拓殖者、工程师、教育家、行政者往往包含传教士的精力、技巧和耐心克服着亚非静态社会对进步缺乏兴趣,并且把亚非地区导向一个技术与理智为基础的世界社群。

---《殷海光文集》

材料二:欧洲人籍着滥用他们军事上的优势,并且受他们工业家渴求廉价原料所推动,以及为他们的大量生产找市场,欧洲国邦的政府把亚非地区独立的人民拉到他们的轴心里去,在经济上剥削他们,挫折其本土经济的成长和民族的生活,否认他们自决的天然权利,攻击他们的文化,并且把他们暴露在所谓西方文明的罪恶之下。

---《殷海光文集》

材料三:工厂管理的核心部分是韦奇伍德(英国工业革命时期最为著名的陶业资本家)一贯坚持的劳动部门的精细分工;他将日用陶器的生产与花瓶等装饰陶器的生产分开,各自有独立的厂房和陶窑。车间的排列也是按照生产流程的顺序,提高了生产效率,减少了工人额外的运动或货物不必要的搬动。

日用品车间和装饰品车间都装备了最新的技术,1782年安装了一台蒸汽发动机,由国内著名的厂家生产,韦奇伍德用它碾碎燧石并为陶器抛光

伊特鲁利亚工厂以及18世纪末其他工厂的生产管理对工匠和劳工提出了新的标准。他们必须准时上班;每周六天,每天必须在同一时间到工厂工作,然后直到下班钟响才可离去,这与日出而作,日落而息按季节分工的农业劳动的节奏大相径庭,犹如现今的学校生活。

---《现代资本主义---三次工业革命》

材料四:1771年,当政治经济学家阿瑟扬参观韦氏陶厂时,他注意到“其中一些最优秀的产品被销往法国”,大量的奶油色的陶器销往爱尔兰、德国、荷兰、俄国、西班牙和英国在东印度的殖民地,并且有“大量产品被销往美洲”。到1783年,韦奇伍德的日用和装饰陶的出口率已占总销量的80%。

----《现代资本主义---三次工业革命》

概括材料一、二的主要观点并指出其立场。依据中国近代前期的有关史实论证上述观点。

答案

参考答案:

料一:观点:欧洲人推动了亚非地区的现(近)代化进程(文明进程)立场:站在欧洲殖民者的立场

材料二:观点:欧洲人的侵略导致亚非沦为殖民地,成为欧州的原料基地和商品市场.传统文化受到冲击.

立场:站在同情亚非人民的立场

论证材料一:洋务运动、中国民族资本主义经济的发展推动中国经济近代化;戊戌变法、新文化运动、辛亥革命推动中国思想科学化、政治民主化

论证材料二:西方发动侵略战争,强迫中国签订不平等条约,中国沦为世界市场的组成部分;摧毁中华文明。

单项选择题
完形填空

  Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Few places have as much ancient history and modern knowledge to offer to students as Egypt. In addition to being the site of many of the world’s greatest wonders, Egypt also hosts two major religious institutions. Al-Azhar University is one of the oldest Islamic institutions for higher studies. The head of Al-Azhar is traditionally regarded as the ruler of Sunni Muslims all over the world.

Al-Azhar University had long been known as the most archaic university in the world until 2004, when archaeologists unearthed the site of what was believed to be the first ever ivory tower in the world in the northern seaside city of Alexandria.

What the archaeological team found were 13 lecture halls that could accommodate up to 5,000 students each. These lecture halls are believed to be the University of Alexandria, home of famous Greek scholars like Archimedes and Euclid during the ancient city’s golden era.

This discovery shows that Egypt was a centre for education and learning in the early world civilizations. Its tradition of scholarship was evident even from the Pharaonic Age(法老时代), which boasted engineering wonders such as the pyramids as well as the scientific wonder of mummies, all of which still exist tod ay.

During the Islamic Age, Egypt became the regional academic centre for Islamic study and Arabic language and literature. Her popularity with scholars from all over the world grew with the establishment of Al-Azhar University in Cairo, in 975.

Today, it remains a popular destination for international scholars, especially those from the Arab world, Africa, Asia and Europe, but like most modern Egyptian universities, Al-Azhar has been equipped with the latest technologies to cope with new demands from the modern world, and is an ideal place for students from all over the world.

Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “ archaic” .(one word)

Why has Al-Azhar been equipped with the latest technologies?(no more than 9 word)

What is the passage mainly about ?(no more than 6 word)

What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?(no more than 9 word)