问题 单项选择题

为了验证“人们会从与自己相似的人那里获得行动线索”的假设,心理学家做了一个实验。

在纽约曼哈顿中心区,有超过100名的行人看到并拾起路上一个写着地址却没有贴邮票的信封。信封里有一个遗失的钱包和一封写给钱包主人的信。钱包里有两美元现金,一张签给E.M.H公司(研究项目成员名字的首字母组合)的支票,一张写着某人电话号码的纸片,一张钱包主人的身份信息卡(上面有钱包主人的姓名、电话号码和地址),以及其他一些东西。钱包主人名叫迈克尔·欧文——这个名字是研究者经过仔细挑选的,以避免含有种族或宗教的暗示。

在所有情况下,钱包和里面的东西都是一样的,有变化的是写给钱包主人的信。在一种实验条件下,写信者是与这些路人相似的人(即一个能流利使用英语、像本地人的写信者);而在另一种实验条件下,写信者则是一个与路人不同的人(即一个几乎完全不懂英语的外国人)。另一个实验条件是不同的写信语气。在1/3的情况下,写信者用一种非常客气的语气(正性语气)写这封信,在另外1/3的情况下用一种中性的语气写信,在剩下1/3的情况下则是用一种不太客气的语气(负性语气)写信。

例如,一位操流利英语的人(“相似的人”)用不太客气的语气写的信是这样的:

欧文先生:我找到了你的钱包,如今物归原主。所有的东西都在里面。照看和归还这个钱包的整个过程实在是很麻烦,我觉得相当厌烦。希望你能够对我有所感激。

而一位不相似的人用不太客气的语气写的信是这样的:

欧文先生:我正在你们国家旅行,并不熟悉你们的行为方式。但是我发现了你的钱包,东西都在里面了。对这个钱包负责并将它物归原主很费劲。其中的过程实在是繁琐,希望你能够对我有所感激。

行人们是否会归还钱包对这些行人归还钱包情况的统计结果如下图所示。所谓钱包归还率就是指将钱包寄往失主地址的行人数占该种实验条件下拾起钱包者的比重。

从参加实验的这100多个人所在的整个社会群体来看,当写信者与自己不相似的时候,信的正性语气与负性语气所引起的归还钱包的比率差异最可能为()。

A.0

B.10%

C.20%

D.30

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

当写信者与自己不相似的时候,正性语气与负性语气下归还钱包的比率分别约为40%和38%,故选A。

完形填空
完形填空。
     There is a woman named Atsuko Saeki. When she wasa teenager, she dreamed of going to the United
States. Most of what she knew about American  1  was from the textbooks she had read. "I had a  2  in mind:
Daddy watching TV in the living room, Mummy baking cakes and their teenage daughter off to the cinema
with her boyfriend."
     Atsuko  3  to attend college in California. When she arrived, however, she found it was not her  4  world.
"People had difficulty in doing something and often seemed uneasy," she said. "I felt very lonely."
     One of her hardest  5  was physical education."We played volleyball," she said. "The other students were
good at it, but I wasn't." One aftemoon,the instructor asked Atsuko to  6  the ball to her teammates so they
could knock it  7  the net. No problem for most people, but it frightened Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face 
 8  she failed.
     A young man on her team realised what she was going through. "He walked up to me and said, Come on.
You can do that. "
     "You will never understand how those words of  9  made me feel Four words: You can do that. I felt like
crying with happiness.
     She made it through the class. Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not  10 
     Six years has passed. Atsuko is back in her country, working as a salesclerk. "I have never forgotten the
words," she said. "When things are not going so well, I think of them."
     She is sure the young man had no idea how much his kindness  11  to her. " He probably doesn't even
remember it," she said. That may be the lesson. Whenever you say something to a person-cruel or kind - you
have no idea how long the word will  12 . She's all the way over in Japan, but still she hears those four simple
words: You can do that.
( )1. A. way        
( )2. A. photo      
( )3. A. managed    
( )4. A. described  
( )5. A. times      
( )6. A. kick       
( )7. A. through    
( )8. A. before     
( )9. A. suggestion 
( )10. A. interested
( )11. A. meant    
( )12. A. continue  
B. life     
B. painting 
B. agreed   
B. imagined 
B. questions
B. pass     
B. into     
B. if       
B. excitement
B. doubtful 
B. took     
B. stay               
C. education
C. picture 
C. liked   
C. created 
C. classes 
C. carry   
C. over    
C. because 
C. sadness 
C. worried 
C. seemed  
C. get     
D. spirit      
D. drawing     
D. accepted    
D. discovered  
D. projects    
D. hit         
D. with        
D. until       
D. encouragement
D. sure        
D. happened    
D. leave                   
单项选择题