2012年4月，美国总统奥巴马力推的对最富有的美国人征收30%所得税_爱下问搜题

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问题单项选择题

2012年4月，美国总统奥巴马力推的对最富有的美国人征收30%所得税税率的“巴菲特税”由于共和党议员强烈的反对而遭到参议院否决。奥巴马政府认为，向富人增税有助于削减财政赤字和推行税收公平。而共和党人则坚持认为应该推行减税。这表明（）

①美国国会在政治生活中居于主导地位，有权制约总统

②分权与制衡易使美国权力机关之间争吵不休，导致效率不高

③共和党与民主党政策主张不同，所代表的阶级利益存在本质区别

④美国两党制为在野党对执政党实施监督和制衡提供了机制保障

A.①③

B.①④

C.②③

D.②④

答案

参考答案：D

解析：该题考查美国的三权分立，①观点错误，美国实行的三权分立制度，总统和国会之间是相互制衡的关系，说国会制衡总统不全面，③观点错误，共和党与民主党政策虽然主张不同，但所代表的阶级利益本质是一致的，②④正确且符合题意，故答案应选D。考点：美国的三权分立点评：本题是二二组合选择题，考生只要能将二个错误选项排除，答案便可得出，难度适中。①观点错误，美国实行的三权分立制度，总统和国会之间是相互制衡的关系，说国会制衡总统不全面，③观点错误，共和党与民主党政策虽然主张不同，但所代表的阶级利益本质是一致的。

填空题

A Recent Erymology of the Word "Culture"“文化”一词的新词源
Look in an old dictionary—say, a pre-1960 Webster’s—and you’ll likely find a definition of culture (1) looks something like this: "1．The cultivation of soil. 2．The raising, improvement, or development of some plant, animal (2) product. " This use of the word has its roots in the ancient Latin word cultura, "cultivation" or "tending," and (3) entrance into the English language had begun by the year 1430. By the time the Webster’s definition above was (4) , another definition had begun to take precedence over the old Latin denotation; culture was coming to mean "the training, (5) , and refinement of mind, tastes, and manners" (Oxford English Dictionary). The OED traces this definition, which today we associate (6) the phrase "high culture," back as far as 1805; by the middle of the 20th century, it was (7) becoming the word’s primary definition.
However, if you try a more modem source, like the American Heritage English Dictionary, (8) find a primary definition of culture which is substantially different than either of the two given above: "The totality (9) socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. " Why such a (10) , and in such a (relatively) short period of time Well, in the past 40 years, the use of the (11) "culture" has been heavily influenced by the academic fields of sociology and cultural anthropology. These fields have gradually brought (12) was once a minor definition of culture (the last of eight definitions given in the old 1958 Webster’s quoted (13) ) into the mainstream.
It is easy to imagine how the US society which was so focused on "socially transmitted (14) patterns" in the sixties would come to need a word to describe the object of its interest. The civil (15) movement during this era brought everyone’s attention to bear on cultural differences within US society, while the Vietnam War (16) to emphasize the position of the US culture in relation to other world cultures.
Over time, these new uses (17) the word culture have eclipsed its older meanings, those associated with cultivation of the land and the production of (18) . You might say that an aspect of US culture over the past 40 years is its fascination with the (19) of culture itself—a fascination which has brought about many changes in the way we speak and the (20) of words which we commonly use.

判断题

简爱收到求职回信后就迫不及待地把信拆开来看。