问题 问答题 简答题

保温层放在承重层外有何优缺点?

答案

参考答案:

优点:

(1)大大降低承重层温度应力的影响

(2)对结构和房间的热稳定性有利

(3)防止保温层产生蒸气凝结

(4)防止产生热桥

(5)有利于旧房改造

缺点:

(1)对于大空间和间歇采暖(空调)的建筑不宜

(2)对于保温效果好又有强度施工方便的保温材料难觅

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面问题。

谈 静

朱光潜

  (1)人生乐趣一半得之于活动,也还有一半得之于感受。所谓“感受”是被动的,是容许自然界事物感动我的感官和心灵。这两个字含义极广。眼见颜色,耳闻声音,是感受;见颜色而知其美,闻声音而知其和,也是感受。同一美颜,同一和声,而各个人所见到的美与和的程度又随天资境遇而不同。比方路边有一棵苍松,你看见它只觉得可以砍来造船;我见到它可以让人纳凉;旁人也许说它很宜于入画,或者说它是高风亮节的象征。再比方街上有一个乞丐,我只能见到他的蓬头垢面,觉得他很讨厌;你见他便发慈悲心,给他一个铜子;旁人见到他也许立刻发下宏愿,要打翻社会制度。

  (2)世间天才之所以为天才,固然由于具有伟大的创造力,而他的感受力也分外比一般人强烈。比方诗人和美术家,你见不到的东西他能见到,你闻不到的东西他能闻到。麻木不仁的人就不然,你就请伯牙向他弹琴,他也只联想到棉匠弹棉花。感受也可以说是“领略”,不过领略只是感受的一方面。世界上最快活的人不仅是最活动的人,也是最能领略的人。所谓领略,就是能在生活中寻出趣味。好比喝茶,渴汉只管满口吞咽,会喝茶的人却一口一口地细啜,能领略其中风味。

  (3)能处处领略到趣味的人决不至于岑寂,也决不至于烦闷。朱子有一首诗说:“半亩方塘一鉴开,天光云影共徘徊。问渠那得清如许?为有源头活水来。”这是一种绝美的境界。你姑且闭目一思索,把这幅图画印在脑里,然后假想这半亩方塘便是你自己的心,你看这首诗比拟人生苦乐多么惬当!一般人的生活干燥,只是因为他们的“半亩方塘”中没有天光云影,没有源头活水来,这源头活水便是领略得的趣味。

  (4)领略趣味的能力固然一半由于天资,一半也由于修养。大约静中比较容易见出趣味。物理上有一条定律说:两物不能同时并存于同一空间。这个定律在心理方面也可以说得通。一般人不能感受趣味,大半因为心地太忙,不空所以不灵。我所谓“静”,便是指心界的空灵,不是指物界的沉寂,物界永远不沉寂的。你的心界愈空灵,你愈不觉得物界沉寂,或者我还可以进一步说,你的心界愈空灵,你也愈不觉得物界喧嘈。所以习静并不必定要逃空谷,也不必定学佛家静坐参禅。静与闲也不同。许多闲人不必都能领略静中趣味,而能领略静中趣味的人,也不必定要闲。在百忙中,在尘市喧嚷中,你偶然丢开一切,悠然遐想,你心中便蓦然似有一道灵光闪烁,无穷妙悟便源源而来.这就是忙中静趣。

  (5)我这番话都是替两句人人知道的诗下注脚。这两句诗就是“万物静观皆自得,四时佳兴与人同”。大约诗人的领略力比一般人都要大。近来看周启孟的《雨天的书》引日本人小林一茶的一首俳句:“不要打哪,苍蝇搓他的手,搓他的脚呢。”觉得这种情境真是幽美。你懂得这一句诗就懂得我所谓静趣。中国诗人到这种境界的也很多:“鱼戏莲叶东,鱼戏莲叶西,鱼戏莲叶南,鱼戏莲叶北”;“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。山气日夕佳,飞乌相与还”;“倚杖柴门外,临风听暮蝉。渡头余落日,墟里上孤烟”。像这一类描写静趣的诗,唐人五言绝句中最多。你只要仔细玩味,你便可以见到这个宇宙又有一种景象,为你平时所未见到的。

  (6)静的修养不仅是可以使你领略趣味,对于求学处事都有极大帮助。释迦牟尼在菩提树阴静坐而证道的故事,你是知道的。古今许多伟大人物常能在仓皇扰乱中雍容应付事变,丝毫不觉张皇,就因为能镇静。现代生活忙碌,而青年人又多浮躁。你站在这潮流里,自然也难免跟着旁人乱嚷。不过忙里偶然偷闲,闹中偶然觅静,于身于心,都有极大裨益。你多在静中领略些趣味,不特你自己受用,就是你的朋友们看着你也快慰些。我生平不怕呆人,也不怕聪明过度的人,只是对着没有趣味的人,要勉强同他说应酬话,真是觉得苦也。你对着有趣味的人,你并不必多谈话,只是默然相对,心领神会,便可觉得朋友中间的无上至乐。(选自朱光潜《给青年的十二封信》,广西师范大学出版社2004年版,略有删改)

  【注】本文系朱光潜《给青年的十二封信》的第三封,写于上世纪二十年代作者旅欧期间。

1.第一段说“感受”的“含义极广”。请根据文意,说明“含义极广一表现在哪些方面。

 答:_______________________________________________________                                                                         2.下面是两个推论句,但作者省略了推论的中间环节。请根据上下文的意思,分别补写出句中所省略的内容。

  你的心界愈空灵,________________,你愈不觉得物界沉寂。

  你的心界愈空灵,________________,你也愈不觉得物界喧嘈。

3.比较第五段中的小林一茶的俳句与中国诗人的诗句,指出它们在境界上有哪些相同点。

答:_____________________________________________________                                                                         4.本文可分为三大部分,(1)~(3)为第一部分,(4)~(5)为第二部分,(6)为第三部分。请分别从每个部分中找出一个合适的词语(每处2个字),概括出这个部分的主要内容。

 _______________________________________________________

5.从下列角度中任选一个,写300字左右的文章赏析。

(1)从主题思想的角度赏析《谈静》

(2)从说理技巧的角度赏析《谈静》 

  _______________________________________________________

阅读理解

阅读理解

     I first went to Harrow in the summer term. The school had the biggest swimming pool I had ever seen. I

t was a good joke to come up behind a naked(裸体的) boy, and push him into the pool. I made quite a

habit of this with boys of my own size or less.

     One day I saw a boy wrapped in a towel(毛巾) on the side of the pool. He was no bigger than I was,

so I thought him a fair game. Coming secretly behind, I pushed him in, holding on to his towel so that it

would not get wet, I was surprised to see an angry face come out from the water, and a being of great

strength making its way by force strokes (猛力地划)to the shore. I fled, but in vain.(徒劳的) He

overtook me, seized me violently, and threw me into the deepest part of the pool. I soon climbed out on

the other side, and found myself surrounded by a crowd of younger boys." Do you know what you have

done?" they said," It's Amery; he is in Grade Six. He is champion(冠军) at gym, he has got his football

honor."

     I was frightened and felt ashamed. How could I tell his position when he was wrapped in a bath towel

and so small." He didn't seem pleased at all, so I added in a most brilliant word," My father, who is a great

man, is also small." At this he laughed, and after some general words about my rude behavior and how I

had better be careful in the future, signified(说明) the incident was closed.

1. The writer thought Amery "a fair game" because the boy _____ .

A. looked like an animal      

B. was fond of games

C. was of similar size        

D. was good at sports

2. The writer felt" ashamed" because _____.

A .he was laughed at by other boys  

B. Amery turned out to be in the same grade

C. he pushed Amery hard and hurt him  

D. he played a joke on an outstanding athlete

3. By saying "My father, who is a great man, is also small", the writer_____.

A. tried to please Amery      

B. challenged Amery

C. threatened Amery          

D. admired his father

4. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The writer could run faster than Amery.

B. The writer liked playing on boys of all sizes.

C. Amery was a student in Grade Four.

D. Amery forgave(原谅) the writer for his rude behavior.