问题 问答题 论述题

为什么在进行文书立卷时必须坚持联系的原则和保管与利用原则?

答案

参考答案:

(1)文书立卷的目的,是为了把机关在自身活动中形成的信息记录保存起来,以便今后工作和历史研究中查考利用,所以必须将单份文件组合成有机的整体,反映机关工作活动的面貌,才能达到目的。因此,在进行文书立卷时必须坚持联系的原则和保管与利用的原则。

(2)立卷时坚持联系的原则,就是按照历史事件的本来面目去收集、整理文件,保持文件之间的联系,从而保证历史真实性。人为的割断文件之间的联系,不能正确反映历史的本来面目,会给工作和科学研究带来灾难性后果,因此,立卷过程中立卷的组织形式的选择,立卷方法的采用,都必须坚持联系的原则。

(3)立卷中的坚持保管与利用原则,是指立卷的结果——所组成的文件系统要便于保管和可以提供经济高效的利用服务。保管与利用是文书立卷的最终目的,因此,文书立卷必须坚持便于保管与利用的原则。

(4)在立卷时,遵循联系的原则与保管与利用原则应彼此兼顾,相互照应。联系原则与保管与利用原则是相互影响、相互制约的关系。片面强调其中一方面,而忽视另一方面是不足取的。应灵活运用立卷原则,正确处理保持文件之间联系和方便文件的保管、利用的关系,实现立卷的目的。

单项选择题
阅读理解

New York is one of the last large American cities to have some of its policemen on horseback. The New York police have 170 horses that they use in certain parts of the city. The horses are expensive to feed, but it is even more expensive to take care of them. Because the horses must walk on the streets, they need special horseshoes. In fact, they need more than 8,000 of them each year. Every police horse in New York gets new shoes every month. Keeping these shoes in good repair is the job of six blacksmiths. There are only about thirty-five of these blacksmiths in the whole Unite States.

The cost of shoeing a horse is between twenty dollars and thirty--five dollars, and it takes a good blacksmith two to three hours to do the job.  

A blacksmith’s job is not an easy one. He must be able to shape a shoe from a piece of metal and then fit it to the horse’s foot. The blacksmith must bend over all the time when he is fitting the shoe and must hold the weight of the horse’s leg while he works. But even more important, he must be able to deal with horses ------ for before the blacksmith can begin his work, he has to get the horse to lift its leg.

One of the blacksmiths in New York is James Corbin. He came to the country form Ireland in 1948.He not only makes horseshoes for the police but also works for a group of horse owners near the city. Corbin became interested in blacksmithing because his father did it, and, as he puts it, “It’s a good way to make a living.”

小题1:According to the reading passage, a blacksmith must be likely a         man.

A.clever

B.rich

C.strong

D.tall小题2: James Corbin became a blacksmith because he        .

A.was interested in horses.

B.was needed by the policemen

C.drew a picture of the horses

D.had to make a living小题3: In the reading passage “to shape a shoe” is to       .

A.fit it on the horse’s foot

B.use it for two or three hours

C.make the form of a horseshoe from a piece of metal

D.draw a picture of the shoe小题4:The best title for the passage is          .

A.Policemen on Horseback

B.Blacksmiths and Horseshoeing

C.James Corbin, a Blacksmith

D.Horseshoeing Is a Good Way to Make a Living小题5: Which of the following is true?

A.Only a few large American cities have some policemen on horseback.

B.New York is the only city in America to have some policemen on horseback.

C.Policemen on horseback enjoy traveling around the United States.

D.Policemen on horseback are less expensive than those in cars.