问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成以下题目

  寒山寺悟禅

  王本道

  少时读张继的《枫桥夜泊》,还以为这寒山一定是个古木参天、风景佳秀的名山。许久之后,才得知寒山乃唐代一位高僧的名字。平心而论,《全唐诗》中所收张继的40余首诗中,其他诗作称不上是上上佳品,惟独这首《枫桥夜泊》堪称唐诗中的精品。诗使寒山寺更加名重禅林;寺又使张继和他的诗远播重洋。今年暮春的一日,我有幸造访这千年古寺。

  大雄宝殿的香火很旺,身着各色服装的善男信女们虔诚地顶礼膜拜着,众位高僧也手持木鱼,双目紧闭,肃穆地为膜拜者口诵经文。据说,寒山寺的古钟只有午夜时分才可敲响,千余年来,那108下钟声不知震撼过多少人的心扉。然而让我奇怪的是,眼下还是正午时分,伴随着大雄宝殿庭院里的袅袅青烟,钟楼里的钟声竟此起彼伏,不绝于耳。

  寺内碑廊陈列的碑刻闻名遐迩,有《枫桥夜泊》诗:“……姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船。”对张继的这首诗,历来的注释一直比较低调,称其是一首抒发羁旅愁绪的七绝。对此,我一直不以为然。特别是三四两句,以往普遍认为是凄楚的钟声使旅人的愁情更加浓烈。而我却以为,恰恰是这钟声使作者自省自警,从一腔愁绪中得到了解脱。按佛法的说法:“闻钟声,烦恼清,智慧长,菩提生。”当年张继赴京赶考名落孙山,归途羁旅枫桥,冷月西斜,栖乌惊噪,难免悲从中来。但作者的情绪并没有只限于此,当寒山寺夜半的钟声传来,他深受启迪,于是诗兴大发,留下了这千古绝唱。或许也正是这钟声才清除了他不第的烦恼,促使他继而刻苦攻读,再次进京应试,终于中了进士。果真如此,我想,那《枫桥夜泊》大概应该归于禅诗一类了。

  本人并不信佛,也不谙禅事,但进得庙来也想体会一下个中的滋味。要学禅事进入禅的境界还真是件难事,只有靠自己的灵性去认识或领悟。古人为我们做出了很好的范例。唐代诗人王维曾有“行到水穷处,坐看云起时”的名句,意思是到了水穷之处不但不烦不恼且产生了观云的兴趣。柳宗元的《江雪》“千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪”,表现了作者被罢官后贬到边陲的心境,尽管孤独寂寞,却仍有“寒江独钓”的兴味。而刘禹锡的“沉舟侧畔千帆过,病树前头万木春”更是一种大境界、大超脱。正由于这样,我国历史上众多的知识分子尽管一生之中在宦海几经沉浮,但大多都能虚怀若谷,安之若素。

  走出寒山古寺,日已西斜,毗邻寺庙的古道之上,长街人流,裙带飘香,“人面桃花相映红”。许多人周身洋溢着朝拜之后的虔诚与满足。其实,这光怪陆离的人世间,正设置着种种诱人的机遇和恼人的坎坷在等待着他们。是春风得意抑或是厄运当途,任何人都无法预料。既然进庙烧香,就要有个禅的心态,否则,欲无止境,当了皇帝还想成仙,天生的幸运儿总想锦上添花,过高的期望值往往导致物极必反,喜极生悲。只是哪得诸般都占尽呢?凡人还是应该调整心态,安心静虑,平和地待人、待己、处事。即使是华盖当头又无力回天,那就学学庄子“知其不可奈何而安之若命”,还能落得个“知足者常乐”的结局呢!

  (选自《散文垫高心灵》,江苏教育出版社2006年12月版)

小题1:..作者认为张继的《枫桥夜泊》是一首上上佳品,该诗的第一、二句是___________

  ____________。

 小题2:..对《枫桥夜泊》这首诗,历来认为是一首抒发羁旅愁的诗作,但本文作者另有研究。请简要概述作者的观点。(50字左右)

  答:______________________________

 小题3:..作者造访寒山古寺后,是从哪三个不同的角度来“悟禅”的?

  答:______________________________

答案

 

 小题:..月落乌啼霜满天,江枫渔火对愁眠。

 小题:..作者的理解与一般传统的认识不同,他认为“夜半钟声”震撼了诗人,使诗人自省自警,解脱了落第的一腔愁绪,转而刻苦攻读,终于中举。

 小题:..作者是从这样三个方面来悟得禅理的:①从张继写《枫桥夜泊》,领悟其挫折面前不气馁,再接再厉终获成功;②推及王维、柳宗元、刘禹锡和他们的诗句,感受他们超脱现实的心理,领悟其身处逆境不烦不恼,自我超脱的人生;③针对人们朝拜神灵的盛况,以为神灵并不能消灾赐福,“春风得意抑或是厄运当途”是“任何人都无法预料”的客观现象。

阅读理解

As computer games get to look more lifelike, it seems that their violence is spilling over into real life. It is reported that some dozens of children have been murdered since 1997, which has been linked to all obsession (着迷) with violent video games. Recently the parents of a 14-­year-­old murder victim in the UK blamed the killer's obsession with the game Manhunt, causing a government review of legislation (立法) to protect children.

Psychologists think there may be many reasons why violent games are more harmful to children than violent movies. Firstly, players are actively involved in violence, and may begin to see using weapons as second nature. Secondly, violent games provide repetitive aggressive (侵犯的) experiences that are rewarded by more killing.

Many studies have shown that people who play violent games regularly are more likely to show high levels of aggression. For instance, in 2000, scientists in Iowa State University found that people who played violent games were more likely to admit involvement in aggressive behaviors, including assaults (侵犯人体罪) or robberies.

A study of 13 to 14-­year­-old children showed that more than half had played games recommended only for over­18s. The more violent the games they played, the more they considered physical aggression to be acceptable. Besides, children who play violent games are more prone (有做……倾向的) to arguing with teachers and fighting.

Experimental studies have also hinted at a possible link. In one, scientists asked a group of students to play a violent game, while another group played the non­violent. Those who played the violent games were faster to react to aggressive words subsequently (随后) flashed on screen.

小题1: We may infer from the first paragraph that     .

A.computer games have little to do with violence in real life

B.Manhunt has resulted in the death of one of its plays

C.lifelike computer games are forbidden in the UK

D.legislation to protect children in the UK still needs improving小题2: Violent games are more harmful to children than violent movies because     .

A.violent movies are not so attractive to children

B.the viewers can't take part in violent movies

C.violent movies are not popular with children

D.children can win awards in violent games小题3: What will be probably discussed in the paragraph following the passage?

A.Further research on the harm of violent games.

B.Further differences between violent game and non­violent games.

C.Ways to protect children from violent games.

D.The result of more experimental studies.小题4: What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Games and Murder

B.Should Computer Games become lifelike?

C.Legislation, effective or not?

D.Violent Games and Non­violent Games

多项选择题