问题 问答题 案例分析题

有这样一个病例,患者叫H.M.,为了治疗癫痫,医生给他做了脑外科手术,切除了与癫痫发作有关的脑区。手术后,病人的感知觉能力.运动能力都没有受到影响,人格也没有显著改变。然而,手术后他无法学习新的知识.记住新的事物:他对每天重复发生的事情几乎没有任何记忆;反复做同一个作业,但对作业没有表现出熟悉感;甚至记不起5分钟前发生的事;经常在家附近迷路。但是这个病人能够通过联系获得某些运动技巧,也就是说,她的另外一些类型的学习记忆基本正常。

涉及此病症的相关记忆系统有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

一个以边缘系统为主要环节,主要与认知记忆有关,可以看做陈述性记忆的神经回路;另一个以基底神经节为主要环节,主要与习惯的获得和适应性反应有关,因而是非陈述性记忆的神经回路。这两个系统都需要来自大脑皮层的输入才能进入活动状态,因而被感觉刺激激活的大脑皮层感觉区通常担当触发记忆的角色。

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     A gunman killed eight people at a mall in Omaha this afternoon and then killed himself, setting off

panic among holiday shoppers, the police said.

     "The person who we believe to be the shooter has died from selfinflicted gunshot wounds," Sgt.

Teresa Negron of the Omaha Police Department said at televised news. "We have been able to clear

the mall," she said. "We don't believe we have any other shooters." The police said that at least five

other people had been injured in the shootings.

     She did not give the shooter's identity. "We are still conducting the investigation," Sergeant Negron

said, adding that the city's mayor, who was out of town, was on his way back to Omaha. She said the

police received a 911 call from someone inside the Westroads Mall on the west side of Omaha, and

shots could be heard in the background. The first police officers arrived at the mall six minutes after

the first call, she said, but by then the shootings were over.

     It is reported that the gunman left a suicide note that was found at his home by relatives. A law

enforcement official who spoke on condition of anonymity (匿名) said the note indicated that the

gunman wanted to "go out in style".

     The shootings broke the usually banal routine of holiday shopping. The gunman was said by some

witnesses to have fired about 20 shots into a crowd. Some customers and workers ran screaming from

the mall, while others dived into dressing rooms to hide from the shooter.

     Shoppers and store workers were trapped inside the mall, which has roughly 135 stores. Others

streamed out of mall exits with their hands raised. The president was in Omaha this morning to deliver

a speech, but he had left the city by the time the shootings took place.

1. Where did the news about the shooting first come out?

A. On a newspaper.  

B. On the Internet.

C. On TV.        

D. In a police poster.

2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Nobody knows why the shooter did so and nothing was found at his home.

B. The city's mayor happened not to be in the city when the shooting took place.

C. Police arrived at the mall before the shootings were over and rescued customers.

D. The gunman fired two shots into a crowd.

3. We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. there is more than one shooter in this event

B. the shooting didn't trouble the customers much

C. an important holiday is coming soon

D. the president came to the scene soon after the shooting

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the news?

A. Gunman Kills 8 People, Then Himself at a Mall in Omaha

B. Shoppers in Great Panic before the Holiday

C. The President Happened to Escape a Shot

D. Shooter Found Dead in a Mall on the West of Omaha