问题 问答题 简答题

试述肺容积的概念。

答案

参考答案:

肺容积是一次呼吸所出现的容积变化,反映外呼吸的空间,是不能分割的最小单位。肺容积可分为4种基础肺容积,即潮气容积、补吸气容积、补呼气容积及残气容积。

①潮气容积(VT):指平静呼吸时,每次吸入或呼出的气量。正常成人约500mL。呼吸肌功能不全时VT减少。

②补吸气容积(IRV):指平静吸气后所能吸入的最大气量。呼吸肌功能减退时IRV减少。

③补呼气容积(ERV):为平静呼气后用力呼出的最大气量。呼吸肌功能减退时ERV减少。

④残气容积(RV):指补呼气后仍残留于肺内的气量。正常成年男性1615±397mL、女性1245±336mL。RV增大,RV/TLC(残气量与肺总量的比值)>40%(正常≤35%)提示肺内充气过度,见于阻塞性肺气肿、支气管哮喘发作等。RV减少,见于急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)及限制性通气障碍疾病。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for

what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to

business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写) as well,

from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art ,theatre, and

music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely,

never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one

piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.

A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more

than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its

topicality (时事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality

now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what

appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no

two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the

pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these

reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without

missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify

and apply the techniques of reading.

1. A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its         .

A. wide coverage                  

B. uniform style

C. speed in reporting news          

D. popularity

2. According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the"same"newspaper is that         .

A. people scan for the news they are interested in

B. different people prefer different newspapers

C. people are rarely interested in the same kind of news

D. people have different views about what a good newspaper is

3. It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers         .

A. apply reading techniques skillfully

B. jump from one newspaper to another

C. appreciate the variety of a newspaper

D. usually read a newspaper selectively

4. A good newspaper offers"a variety"to readers because          .

A. it tries to serve different readers

B. it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality

C. readers are difficult to please

D. readers like to read different newspaper.

5. The best title for this passage would be"         "

A. The importance of Newspaper Topicality

B. The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper

C. The Variety of a Good Newspaper

D. Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper

单项选择题