问题 计算题

如右图所示,有人制作了一个家庭制氧装置。该制氧装置由2个可乐瓶、2根软管连接而成。制氧时,先在甲瓶中加入20 g的水,再往甲瓶中加入157 g过氧碳酸钠(化学式为2Na2CO3·3H2O2,相对分子质量为314)和少量二氧化锰,产生的气体通过软管从乙瓶导出,即可供人吸氧。在甲瓶中发生的化学反应方程式为:

(1)这包总质量为157 g的过氧碳酸钠完全反应,理论上可

生成多少克氧气? 多少克H2O?

(2)完全反应后,甲瓶溶液中溶质的质量分数。(计算结果精确到0.1%)

答案

(1)24g氧气,27gH2O  (2)69.3%

题目分析:(1)依据过氧碳酸钠分解的反应方程式,利用过氧碳酸钠与氧气、水的质量比,由过氧碳酸钠的质量可求出生成氧气和水的质量。

(2)再依据反应方程式中过氧碳酸钠与碳酸钠的质量比,可求出生成的碳酸钠的质量;最后依据质量守恒定律,可求出反应剩余的溶液的总质量,即可求出反应后溶质的质量分数。

解:设这包总质量为157 g的过氧碳酸钠完全反应,理论上可生成氧气和H2O的质量分别是x、y,Na2CO3的质量为z。

2Na2CO3·3H2O22Na2CO3+3H2O+O2

314                212     54    48

157g               z      y    x

,解得x=24g

,解得y=27g

,解得z=106g

(2)依据质量守恒定律可知,完全反应后溶液的质量=157g+20g–24g=153g

所以,完全反应后,甲瓶中Na2CO3的质量分数=×100%=69.3%

答:理论上可生成24g氧气,27gH2O,完全反应后,甲瓶溶液中溶质质量分数为69.3%。

点评:此题是关于化学方程式及溶质质量分数的计算题,要求学生要有较强的分析能力;本题难度不大,能根据相关的化学反应方程式,并依据已知量对未知的应求量进行求解计算即可,注意解题要规范。

单项选择题

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (91) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (92) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (93) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (94) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (95) as a rejection of middle, class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (96) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (97) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (98) to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (99) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (100) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (101) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (102) lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also (103) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (104) , children are likely to have less supervision at home (105) was common in the traditional family (106) . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (107) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (108) of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (109) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (110) a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

A.interaction

B.assimilation

C.cooperation

D.consultation

单项选择题