问题 单项选择题

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (91) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (92) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (93) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (94) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (95) as a rejection of middle, class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (96) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (97) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (98) to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (99) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (100) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (101) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (102) lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also (103) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (104) , children are likely to have less supervision at home (105) was common in the traditional family (106) . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (107) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (108) of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (109) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (110) a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

A.interaction

B.assimilation

C.cooperation

D.consultation

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 本题要求判断空格处应填入什么名词,与with others搭配构成名词短语作through的介词宾语。首先排除assimilation,它不能与with搭配。空格所在的分句是they have learned criminal behavior through (93) with others,其中介词through表明和其他人的……是孩子们学会犯罪的途径或方式。考生接下来要判断选项中哪个名词短语可以表示出一种学会犯罪的途径或方式。显然,只有interaction with others符合,意为和他人的相互影响,即受到坏人的影响(而学会了犯罪)。注意cooperation with多为褒义,而且也不能说是“通过合作”来学会犯罪。

单项选择题
单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答文后问题。
20世纪60年代,天文学家发现了一种新型的变星,它有规律地发出射电脉冲讯号,所以取名为脉冲星。脉冲周期很短,最长为4.3秒,最短的只有0.0016秒,而且十分稳定准确,间隔的误差仅为0.00000001秒。
什么样的天体能如此快速而稳定地发射脉冲讯号一个天体发生周期性变化,其可能的机制不外乎三种:轨道运动、脉动和自转。显然,前二者是没有可能的,不可能设想恒星相互绕转的周期会短到0.033秒。同理,脉动周期也不会短到不及几百分之一秒,且脉动不具有那样严格的准确性,所以,脉冲星不是脉动变星。剩下的惟一可能是恒星自转。可是,如此“疯狂般”的自转,不要说普通恒星承受不了,连白矮星那样致密的天体也会分崩离析。于是,学者们认定,它只能是人们早已预言的中子星。
中子星是由中子组成的恒星。这是由于恒星演化到晚期,能量耗竭。若经引力塌缩,其剩余质量大于某一极值时,电子运动都不能抗衡原子核吸引力,就继续塌缩,经逆β衰变形成大量自由中子,只是恒星密度很大,体积很小,形成中子星。中子星的直径只有几十公里,而它的质量却可以超过太阳。白矮星的密度已使人惊叹不已,但中子星的密度比它还要高出1亿倍以上。每立方厘米的这种物质,可达几亿吨到10亿吨。这样越高密度的天体,有足够强大的白引力,不致因高速自转而瓦解。
中子星是如何发射脉冲的呢学者们认为,在这样的天体上可能形成一种条件,使它的射电波主要是从其表面的局部地区发射出来,而其他部分的辐射很弱,这样,中子星会像一个旋转着的喷头一样发出射电波,每转一周便朝观测者方向射出一束电波。这样间歇性的“闪烁”被称为“灯塔效应”。
“脉冲星”名称是指天体辐射的表现形式;“中子星”则表明这种恒星的物理性质。它已被观测所证实。
(摘自陈自悟《地球概论》,高等教育出版社,1997)

这颗“脉冲星”属于:

A.脉动变星

B.行星

C.白矮星

D.中子星