问题 问答题 简答题

艾条灸

答案

参考答案:

即将艾绒制作成艾条进行施灸。艾条的制作方法是:取纯净细软的艾绒24g,平铺在26cm长,20cm宽的细草纸上,将其卷成直径约1.5cm的圆炷形的艾卷,要求卷紧,外裹以质地柔软疏松而又坚韧的桑皮纸,用胶水或浆糊封口而成。也有在每条艾绒中掺入肉桂、干姜、丁香、独活、细辛、白芷、雄黄、苍术、没药、乳香、川椒各等分的细末6g,则成为药艾条。艾条灸可分为悬起灸和实按灸两种方式。

1.悬起灸:施灸时将艾条悬放在距离穴位一定高度上进行熏烤,不使艾条点燃端直接接触皮肤,称为悬起灸。悬起灸根据实际操作方法不同,分为温和灸、雀啄灸和回旋灸。

(1)温和灸:施灸时将艾条的一端点燃,对准应灸的腧穴部位或患处,约距皮肤2~3cm左右,进行熏烤,使患者局部有温热感而无灼痛为宜,一般每处灸10~15分钟,至皮肤出现红晕为度。对于昏厥、局部知觉迟钝的患者,医者可将中、食二指分开,置于施灸部位的两侧,这样可以通过医者手指的感觉来测知患者局部的受热程度,以便随时调节施灸的距离和防止烫伤。

(2)雀啄灸:施灸时,将艾条点燃的一端与施灸部位的皮肤并不固定在一定距离,而是像鸟雀啄食一样,一上一下活动地施灸。

(3)回旋灸:施灸时,艾条点燃的一端与施灸部位的皮肤虽然保持一定的距离,但不固定,而是向左右方向移动或反复旋转地施灸。

以上诸法对一般应灸的病证均可采用,但温和灸多用于灸治慢性病.雀啄灸、回旋灸多用于灸治急性病。

2.实按灸:将点燃的艾条隔布或隔绵纸数层实按在穴位上,使热气透入皮肉深部,火灭热减后重新点火按灸,称为实按灸。常用的实按灸有太乙针灸和雷火针灸。

(1)太乙针灸:用纯净细软的艾绒150g平铺在40cm见方的桑皮纸上。将人参125g,穿山甲(代)250g,山羊血90g,千年健500g,钻地风300g,肉桂500g,小茴香500g,苍术500g,甘草1000g,防风2000g,麝香少许,共为细末,取药末24g掺入艾绒内,紧卷成爆竹状,外用鸡蛋清封固,阴干后备用。

施灸时,将太乙针的一端烧着,用布7层包裹其烧着的一端,立即紧按于应灸的腧穴或患处,进行灸熨,针冷则再燃再熨。如此反复灸熨7~10次为度。此法治疗风寒湿痹、肢体顽麻、痿弱无力、半身不遂等均有效。

(2)雷火针灸:其制作方法与"太乙针灸"相同,仅药物处方有异,方用纯净细软的艾绒125g,沉香、乳香、羌活、干姜、穿山甲各9g,麝香少许,共为细末。施灸方法与"太乙针灸"相同。临床上除治上证外,大体与"太乙针灸"主治相同。

阅读理解

Traveling by train is usually not easy in China. It can be hard to get a ticket. When you’re traveling to the railway station, you look at your watch, for you are afraid you will miss your train.

But there is good news for people traveling between Beijing and Shanghai. Construction (建设) on the express railway (高速铁路) between the two cities started just before the Spring Festival of 2008. When it is finished by 2013, taking a train will be as easy as taking a bus.

“There will be trains every several minutes. Buying a ticket, getting through the checkpoint (检查站) and taking your seat, will take just 10 minutes,” said an engineer.

There may be high-speed trains running at 350 kilometers an hour. The travel time between the two cities will decrease from 10 to about 5 hours. The trains will carry twice the present number of passengers.

The new line will be 1,318 kilometers long and go across specially built bridges. It will run along side the present line. There will be 21 stations in Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu.

“The cost of traveling by the express railway may be around 800 yuan. That will be more expensive than an ordinary train, but cheaper than by air.” Said Zhang Xiaoling, a Jiangsu government official.

According to Zhang, the higher price is caused by the large cost of the railway project. At about 200 billion yuan, the project may be even more expensive than the Three Gorges Project (三峡工程).

小题1:The express railway between Beijing and Shanghai will be finished _______.

A.at the end of this year

B.before the Spring Festival of 2008

C.by 2013

D.in about 5 years小题2:Before taking your seat, you should _____ with your ticket.

A.buy a ticket

B.get through the checkpoint

C.pack your things

D.make some friends小题3:The word “decrease” in the passage possibly means ______ in Chinese.

A.延长

B.缩短

C.提速

D.限速小题4:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Traveling by train is usually difficult in China because tickets are too expensive.

B.The high-speed trains will have 21 stations in Shanghai, Shandong, Hunan and Jiangsu.

C.Tickets for the high-speed trains will be cheaper than those for planes.

D.The cost of the express railway project is as high as that of the Three Gorges Project.小题5:What can be the best title of the passage?

A.An enormous project.

B.Train tickets will get more expensive

C.Specially built bridges

D.Beijing—Shanghai express railway

单项选择题