问题 填空题 案例分析题

图是狗尿液浓缩实验的结果。让狗大量饮水(图中箭头a所示)后,连续排出大量的尿;当将2.5%NaCl溶液10mL注射入颈动脉(箭头b)后,尿量暂时减少;当静脉注射垂体后叶提取物(箭头c)后,尿量也减少。根据此实验,可以推断:

如果预先将狗的垂体后叶切除,再进行上述同样的实验,请将预期结果的排尿曲线绘制在图乙的坐标上。

答案

参考答案:

解析:

(1)人体的等渗溶液浓度是0.9%的NaCl溶液,当2.5%NaCl溶液注入动脉,使血浆渗透压升高,刺激下丘脑,引起抗利尿激素分泌,增加肾小管对原尿中的水分重吸收,导致尿量减少。当静脉注射垂体后叶提取物(箭头c)后,尿量也减少,所以本实验也证明垂体后叶中含有这种激素。

(2)如果预先将狗的垂体后叶切除,让狗大量饮水(图中箭头a所示)后,连续排出大量的尿;由于垂体后叶切除不能产生抗利尿激素,当将2.5%NaCl溶液10mL注射入颈动脉(箭头b)后,尿量保持不变;当静脉注射垂体后叶提取物(箭头c)后,尿量也减少。所以绘出的图如下: 考点:本题考查水的平衡与调节的相关知识,意在考查考生理解所学知识的要点,把握知识间的内在联系的能力。

完形填空
完形填空。
     My husband and I both work at home. We have four children, so the times when I am   1   in the house
are few. Like many work-at-home moms, when I do get a   2   to be by myself, I fill that time with more    3  , whether it's related to my career or taking care of the housework. Most of the time, I don't mind.     4    , I wanted this job as wife and mother, and I knew from the start that it often     5   putting others'
needs before my own. But, other times, I can't help but feel a little    6   because I seldom had any plans for myself, and everyone knew it. My life     7    on my family, but they seldom appreciated this, which often   8   me a lot.
One day, when the kids were at school, I     9    for the movie theater-alone, I'd    10    been to the movies
alone before, so I was a little nervous. Would I look pitiful going to the theater by myself? Was I being
ridiculous (荒唐可笑) by seeing a movie     11    so much work waited for me at home? I    12    myself
to swallow these   13    and bought myself a ticket. And then I walked into the theater with my     14    held high and enjoyed every minute of the movie. I laughed and felt my good spirits     15    for a couple of hours, I was     16   wife or mother. I was just myself.
     From that point on, I     17    that Fridays would be mine,     18    for a couple of hours. Some Fridays,
I head to (前往) the beach with a good book. Other Fridays, I go shopping,     19    up a little fast food or
some clothes just for myself. I really   20     my Fridays after a long week of caring of my family.
( )1. A. busy        
( )2. A. chance      
( )3. A. fun          
( )4. A. So far      
( )5. A. practiced    
( )6. A. happy        
( )7. A. centred      
( )8. A. moved        
( )9. A. applied      
( )10. A. ever        
( )11. A. if          
( )12. A. forced      
( )13. A. answers    
( )14. A. hands      
( )15. A. leave      
( )16. A. everybody's
( )17. A. expressed  
( )18. A. at least    
( )19. A. making      
( )20. A. come up with
B. alone          
B. way            
B. fear          
B. From then on  
B. advised        
B. excited        
B. insisted      
B. bothered      
B. waited        
B. also          
B. when          
B. allowed        
B. efforts        
B. head          
B. happen        
B. somebody's    
B. declared      
B. at last        
B. picking        
B. break away from
C. tense          
C. purpose        
C. work            
C. As a resul      
C. meant          
C. angry          
C. depended        
C. amused          
C. longed          
C. never          
C. unless          
C. ordered        
C. thoughts        
C. legs            
C. return          
C. anybody's      
C. agreed          
C. in all          
C. taking          
C. look forward to
D. brave              
D. fortune            
D. love              
D. After all          
D. considered        
D. nervous            
D. knocked            
D. scared            
D. headed            
D. instead            
D. until              
D. taught            
D. results            
D. ticket            
D. weaken            
D. nobody's          
D. decided            
D. in time            
D. bringing          
D. pay attention to  
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