问题 问答题 论述题

试述魏晋时期教育制度方面出现的新变化。

答案

参考答案:

第一,魏晋是封建门阀制度高度发展的时期,士族地主把持朝政大权,控制仕进之路,实行“九品中正制”,限制庶族地主的政治权利。门阀制度的膨胀对学校教育产生极大的消极影响,士族享有受教育的特权和优先选官的特权,挫伤了人们求学的积极性,使得官学教育时兴时废,似断还续。

第二,魏晋时期的儒学受各种思潮的冲击日渐衰微,佛教、玄学、史学、书学、文学等则进入一个大发展时期,在这种社会现实的影响下,魏晋学制体系也发生了变化,一方面官学系统中出现了大量的专科学校,如律学、史学、玄学、医学等;另一方面,儒学校也有了新的形式,如西晋就在太学之外,另外设立了一所传授同样内容的中央官学——国子学。第三,经学虽处于中衰时期,但仍为士族地主阶级统治思想的依据,传授经学的学校在学制系统中始终处于主要地位。但这个时期的经学,突破了两汉严守师法、家法与今古文经学的藩篱,汇释众家,注重义理,形成“魏晋经学”,对学校教育影响颇大。

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Holidays
The Snowdonia
Center
The Snowdonia Center for young mountain climbers has a mountain climbing lesson. The beginners’ costs are £57 for a week, including food and rooms. Equipment is included except walking shoes, which can be hired (租用) at a low cost. You must be in good health.
The Canary Islands
It’s a good idea to go to the Canary Islands to enjoy the winter sunshine. An interesting activity of visitors to the Canary Islands is surfing. You can also see lots of wild animals, or enjoy swimming with the sea lions.
The Alpha Resort Tomamu
The ice hotel is in Japan. Its dining room,  bedroom and bathroom are made out of ice. It provides dinner served on an ice plate. You can take your ice glass to the ice bar or the ice café. The hotel experience costs $242 per person.
小题1:If you’re interested in mountain climbing, you can go to    .
A.the Snowdonia Centre B.the Canary Islands
C.the Young Climbers’ CentreD.the Alpha Resort Tomamu
小题2:At the Snowdonia Centre, the beginners’ costs include   .
A.enjoying the winter sunshineB.walking shoes
C.food and roomsD.food and walking shoes
小题3:What can’t you enjoy on the Canary Islands?
A.Swimming with the sea lions.B.Surfing.
C.Watching wild animals.D.Having a sports lesson.
小题4:The Alpha Resort Tomamu is    .
A.a cinemaB.an ice hotelC.a museum D.an ice cream shop
小题5:Tony wants to visit the Alpha Resort Tomamu with his friend Tom. How much will they need to pay?
A.£57. B.$242.C.$57. D.$484.
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