问题 问答题 简答题

曹丕的“诗赋欲丽”作为文体论的观点与以前的文论有何区别?

答案

参考答案:

“诗赋欲丽”是指诗歌、赋体应该(文辞)华美。曹丕以前还没有独立的、真正意义上的“文论”,文学基本上还没有独立出来,如《诗经》是“经”,并被看作文学作品。与以前的文论相比,说明曹丕看到了文学作为艺术区别于其它体裁文章的美学特征(即“丽”),认识到文学应该摆脱经学附庸的地位,这对于抒情文学的发展,有着特别深远的影响。曹丕的《典论•论文》表明,魏晋时代文学已经逐步走向自觉的时代。

这与以前“诗言志”的文论观点是不一样的。“诗言志”中所谓“志”,主要是指政治上的理想抱负。所谓“赋诗言志”是指借用或引申《诗经》中某些篇章来暗示自己某种政教怀抱。《左传》里常出现的“志”多指政治态度、理想抱负。到战国中期以后,由于对诗歌的抒情特点的重视,以及百家争鸣的展开,“志”的含义逐渐扩大,其作为人的思想、意愿、感情的一般意义开始受到了重视。譬如《离骚》“屈心而抑志”,“抑志而弥节”中“志”的内容除了屈原的政治理想抱负,还包括了这种理想抱负不能实现而产生的愤激之情,以及对谗佞小人的痛恨之情在内。

单项选择题

As one works with color in a practical, or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile, changeable thing (1) to a large extent on the relationship of the color (2) other colors (3) simultaneously. It is not (4) in its relation to the direct stimulus which (5) it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give (6) to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination color, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be (7) in large part to the mechanism of color (8) .

When the eye is (9) to a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the (10) of the eye to color in and around the area (11) . This readjustment does not promptly affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the (12) is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the (13) , and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be (14) its persistence in the (15) viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at (16) for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over (17) time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in (18) darkness just previously. Also, (19) of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become (20) over the whole eye.

13()

A.publicity

B.necessity

C.density

D.intensity

填空题