问题 问答题 简答题

概述共和时期(1919-1934)的德国教育。

答案

参考答案:

在共和时期,资产阶级政府依据1919年通过的魏玛宪法对教育进行改革。

1920年颁布法令规定基础学校为统一的初等国民学校,凡6~10岁的儿童不论出身贫富均须就学于此。基础学校毕业,经过考试成绩优异者升入中学,余者入高等国民学校,以完成义务教育。八年义务教育后,14~18岁还必须受职业教育。中间学校继续存在。

除九年制的文科中学、实科中学和文实中学继续存在外,增设了德意志中学与建立(上层)中学。建立中学招收读完高等国民学校七年级的学生,学制6年,这种中学设在乡村小镇。德意志中学以德意志文化为主要教育教学内容,浸透着日耳曼民族沙文主义精神,它与其他中学一样招收基础学校毕业生。此外,当时还有另外一些为转入中学作准备的中学和各类女子中学。

师范教育在此时更加受到重视,教师的地位和对教师的要求也更高了。小学教师改由大学的师范学院培养,通过严格考试选拔中学毕业生,学制4年,其中后2年为实习年。中学教师由大学直接培养,学制4年以上,毕业后试教两年,合格者为助理教员,经过国家正式任命才成为正式中学教员。教员都是官吏。

到共和时期,德国大学又逐渐恢复它作为讲授科学和研究学术的中心的地位,并且实行大学自治、教授治校,使德国的学术进步和文化提高较各国为快。

总之,在共和时期,德国各级各类教育均有较快发展,泾渭分明的双轨学制也略有改变,但教育上始终贯穿着沙文主义、军国主义和宗教神学的精神。

判断题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     阅读下面的短文,并根据要求答题。(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

【1】It seems like everyone has a blog these clays. To make it a popular website,there are a few

general guidelines you should follow to increase your chances of success.

【2】Write about what you know,and stick to one topic for a while. If you write without checking

facts or with no experience behind your articles. people won't believe it and won't come back to

your site. Similarly,if you write about too many different topics,you won't be able to build up an

audience of readers as easily.

【3】The first thing students are taught as early as grade school about evaluating websites is that

if there are a bunch of grammatical errors,the website probably isn't credible(可信的).This means

that you need to check every single post you write before you put it up on your site. It's a good idea

to write something,leave it sit for a while,and then come back to read it over before you post it. This

gives you flesh eyes to catch mistakes.

【4】Keeping a schedule of posts can help you not disappoint your readers,because they will start

to come back to your site regularly to see what's new. It's a good idea to set a goal for yourself and

keep it,which is important to keep your readers coming back for more.

【5】Knowing how search engines like Google or Bing find your site can help your posts show up

higher on Internet searches and,therefore,get you more clicks to your site.

【6】Websites now are so advanced in their graphic design that the way a website looks can point

to its credibility just as much as being error-free. Choose a clean theme for your blog,the easier the

site is to read,_________.

1. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage? (no more than 10 words)

__________________________________________________________________________

2. What makes your blog credible? (no more than 9 words)

①______________________②______________________③_______________________

3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 6 with proper words.(no more than 8 words)

__________________________________________________________________________

4. Why should one keep a schedule to write often for his blog? (no more than 15 words)

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese.

__________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________