问题 问答题 论述题

叙述干旱对作物的危害和作物抗旱性的特点。有哪些途径可以进行防御?

答案

参考答案:

旱害的危害:

使作物代谢作用紊乱,物质合成减少,酶促反应协调被破坏,导致作物死亡;

干旱时细胞脱水变形,原生质受到机械伤害而死亡;

干旱缺水,蒸腾减弱,植株不能降温,当体温超过一定限度时,原生质发生凝聚变性,结构破坏,引起死亡。

抗旱作物(品种)应具备的特点:

①原生质黏性和弹性大;

②根系深、叶片细胞小而气孔多、叶片茸毛多或角质化程度高、输导组织发达;

③生理机能上,缺水时物质分解与合成的比例改变小、光合与呼吸的比率不改变或改变很小、淀粉贮存正常、气孔不完全关闭,仍可进行光合作用。

防御措施:蹲苗;处理种子;增施P、K肥。

综合
阅读理解

New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia(痴呆), that is the loss of mental ability. In fact, researchers say, speaking two languages appears to be more important than the level of education in defending against dementias.

A study in India examined the effect of knowing more than one language in delaying the first signs of several dementias. Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer's, the most common form of mental decline(下降). 391 of the subjects spoke two or more languages. Researchers found the dementias began about four-and-a-half years later in those who spoke two languages compared to those who spoke only one language. The level of education had no effect on the age at the first sign of dementia.

Thomas Bak, from the Center of Cognitive Aging at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, who helped to organize the study, suggests that individuals who speak more than one language train their brains by moving back and forth between different words and expressions. He also believes this effort improves what scientists called executive(执行的) functioning, which often weakens in people with dementias. He states that researchers found there was no extra gain in speaking more than two languages.

Mr Bak says it does not appear important whether you learn another language at a young age or later in life. It's not something that “you missed the boat when you do not do it as a baby.” It is something that is still quite useful and powerful when you do it as an adult.

小题1:The finding of the study is that________.

A.learning more than one language can cure dementias

B.speaking two languages may delay kinds of dementias

C.the level of education matters in defending against dementias

D.people who suffer from dementias will lose mental ability小题2:The underlined word “subjects” refers to________.

A.people who were studied in the study

B.notices that were put on about the study

C.questions that were asked in the study

D.methods that were used in the study小题3:According to Mr Bak, ________.

A.the more languages one speaks, the less chance of getting dementias

B.people’s executive functioning often strengthens with age

C.when you learn one more language makes no difference

D.it is much easier to learn one more language at a young age小题4:This passage may probably be seen in________.

A.a research plan

B.a health magazine

C.a book review

D.a business magazine