问题 读图填空题

热休克蛋白(HSP)是细胞和机体受到高温侵袭或生存威胁时,合成量迅速增加的一类蛋白质(如HSP60、HSP90等),它们具有多种功能。请回答:

(1)当细胞受高温刺激时,HSP迅速地被诱导出来,以避免细胞结构被破坏,这表明生物的性状是_____共同作用的结果。

(2)下图表示HSP60发挥作用的示意图,据图推测HSP60所起的作用是____________。

(3)癌细胞能在体内“恶劣环境”下存活的关键是其HSP90比正常细胞的含量_________,这提示我们在开发增强化疗和放疗效果的药物时应考虑______________。

(4)当细胞癌变时,会产生正常细胞原本不具有的蛋白质,它可引发免疫反应,在此过程中,热休克蛋白参与了识别作用(见下图)。

①.图中甲细胞的名称是_______,a表示T细胞的______过程,清除癌细胞的免疫方式是___________。

②.研制抗癌疫苗时最好提取纯化图中的___________。

答案

(1)基因和环境

(2)促使多肽链形成(具有一定空间结构的)蛋白质

(3)多    抑制HSP90的活性(抑制HSP90基因的表达、降低HSP90的含量)

(4)①.吞噬细胞   增殖分化     细胞免疫     ②.热休克蛋白-抗原复合体

问答题
阅读理解

There are about 80.000.000 mines under the ground in more than 60 countries. It is difficult and dangerous to clear these mines.About 50 people including many children were killed or hurt each day.In 2003,APOPO,a Duch research company that trains the animals,came up with the idea of using rats to search for the mines.

The animal trainers found that a kind of rats from Africa were clever and had a sharp sense of smell.The rats were about 75 cm long and weighted about 1.35 kg.light enough to run across a minefield without setting off the mines.

In January 2004,the  APOPO startec this preject.First ,the trainers let the 4-week-old baby rats get familier with humans. A few weeks later,the rats were no longer afraid of people and the things around them.Then they were trained to connect a click sound with food.After the rats had learned that ,the trainers then taught them to tell the different between the smell of mines and other smells.When the rats could do it,the click was sounded and they were given a bit of bananas.The method was called clicker training.“The training isn’t easy.”said the trainer Adulish Mebomvu.“You have to be patient.Sometimes I get angry,but then again.I tell myself these are animals.”

After nine months’ training,the rats were taken to 4 minefield. They ran across the minefield ,stopped, sat and searched the ground to tell the deminers that they smelt out a mine. Then the mine was cleared.It had taken two deminers a day to clear a 200 m2 minefield. But with the help of two rats they could finish it in two hours.

The rats and the deminers saved thousands of lives.“The rats did this job much better than we expected.So far they have helpde to make almost 2.000.000 m2 of land safe.They are heroes.”said Bart Woetjcds.the head of the APOPO.

小题1:The APOPO trained the rats to search for__.

A.children

B.animals

C.minea

D.bananas小题2:While training the rats,the trainers have to be __.

A.patient

B.clever

C.brave

D.serious小题3:How long did the training last?

A.Two hours

B.One day

C.Four weeks

D.Nine month小题4:Which of the following is NOT TRUE acorrding to the passage?

A.Each day about 200 people were killed or hurt by minea

B.The APOPO started to train the rats is January 2004.

C.The trainers gave the rats food after they smelt out a mine .

D.The rats and the deminres saved thousands of livers.