问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文字,完成问题。

随着淡水供应如今已达到极限,五大洲50多个国家或许很快就将因争夺水资源而发生冲突,除非他们就如何分享流经国际边界的河流迅速达成协议。

目前全球各地都在谈论夺水战争。2001年3月,联合国秘书长安南说,“对淡水的激烈争夺很可能成为未来的冲突和战争的根源”。美国国家情报委员会最近一份报告得出的结论认为,在未来15年内,“随着各国可利用的水达到极限”,国际之间冲突的可能性将增加。

一些人认为这些警告是杞人忧天,而历史似乎站在他们一边。唯一记录在案的夺水战争于4500年前发生在两河流域,即我们如今所说的伊拉克南部地区的两个城邦拉格什和乌玛之间。相反,从805年至1984年,各国签署了3600个与水有关的条约,其中许多条约在处理这种至关重要的资源方面显示出极大创造性。对过去50年间1831个与水有关的国际事件的分析表明,这些事件的2/3具有合作性质。例如,一些国家商定进行科技合作,并签署了157个用水条约。

然而,另一些人认为,就淡水而言,过去将不是未来的可靠指南。淡水作为一种可再生但并非无穷的资源,正在变得日益稀缺。即使全球需求已稳定地增加,世界可利用淡水总量几乎与4500年前一样多,仅仅从1950年以来,随着世界人口从25亿增至60亿,人均可再生淡水供应量已下降了58%。此外,与石油以及其他大多数战略资源不同,淡水的大多数用途是无可替代的。淡水对种植粮食作物、制造商品和保护人的健康来说都是必不可少的。而且,虽然历史表明,与水有关的合作是一种规范,但并非规律。在过去50年里,1/4与水有关的事件是敌对的。尽管这些敌对事件的绝大多数只涉及口头对抗,对立国家在37次记录在案的事件中不仅仅彼此辱骂,而且开了枪,炸了水坝,或者采取了其他形式的军事行动。

根据原文所给的信息,以下推断不正确的一项是

A.即使各国就如何分享流经国际边界的河流迅速达成协议,也未必能防止和消除争夺水资源的冲突发生

B.历史经验证明,国家之间缔结条约进行合作是解决用水争端,防止发生冲突和战争的有效途径

C.淡水稀缺是由于世界可利用淡水总量减少,而人口增长导致全球需求量增加,从而使供求比例失调引起的

D.石油资源同样存在短缺的问题,但它可以通过用其他能源替代的方式解决

答案

答案:C

A.第一段有“除非它们……”一句,“除非”表必要条件;第四段有“与水有关的合作是一种规范,而不是一种规律”也可推出。B.由文章第三段可以知道。D.由第三段中“此外,与石油……无可替代的”一句推知。C.从第一段“即使全球需求已稳定地增加,世界可利用淡水总量几乎与4500年前一样多”一句可知,世界可利用淡水总量“几乎一样多”,并未减少。

选择题
阅读理解

When you take a walk in any city, you often see a lot of people walking dogs. It is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, but the reason why people keep a dog has changed. In the old days people used to train dogs to protect(保护) themselves against attacks by other beasts. Later they came to realize that a dog was not only useful for protection but willing to obey his master. For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what was caught without permission.

These days people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks from animals. Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery(抢劫). But the most important reason is for companionship. For a child, a dog is a best friend when there are no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have no children. For old couples, a dog is also their child when their natural children have grown up. So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship.

67. According to the passage, in the old days people trained dogs ______ .

for protection against robbery

just for fun

for companionship

for protection against other animals

68. The word "companionship" may mean ______ .

A. native     B. advice     C. friendly relationship(关系) D. usage

69. The dogs were used for hunting because ______ .

A. they were good hunters

B. they obeyed their masters

C. they were useful for protection

D. they did not eat other animals

70. The most important reason for people to keep dogs now is they ______ .

A. need companion

B. like children

C. enjoy hunting

D .want to protect themselves

71. We can infer from the passage that ______ .

A. dogs can be helpful to those who need company

B. city people always feel lonely

C. dogs can be boring (厌烦的)

D. the city can be a very dangerous place