问题 论述题

(18分)随着“神舟九号”飞船的成功返航,中国的航天事业引起了高三某班小组的关注,他们通过上网、阅读课外读物,获得如下信息。

信息一 我国从1992年载人航天工程正式启动,到2007年10月24日“嫦娥一号”首次探月成功,再到2008年9月25日,“神舟七”实现了中国航天员出舱在太空行走,每一次发射都是进一步的优化,每一次飞行都有所完善改进,每一次空间实验都有新的收获和突破。2011年11月3日,“神舟八号”飞船与“天宫一号”目标飞行器顺利完成我国载人航天首次空间会对接。2012年6月16日18点37分,“神舟九号”飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心发射长空,并成空实现空间自动与手控交汇与分离,揭开了中国航天的崭新阶段。

(1)运用经济生活知识对我国在此领域取得重大成就进行评析。(6分)

信息二 每一次中国航天事业取得巨大成就的时候,与航天有关的技术就会大量运用到其它领域。这种产品由于使用了大量可靠性设计、分析技术,有效保证或提高了产品的质量和可靠性。虽然它的价格要高一点,但仍然很快取代了其它产品,得到了消费者的青睐。

(2)上述信息反映了经济生活的什么道理?(12分)

答案

(1)①我国经济保持较快的增长速度,国家的整体经济实力大大增强,这为我国进行航天工程实验奠定了经济基础。(2分)

②国家财政在社会经济生活中发挥着巨大的作用。国家财政对科技方面的支出和大量投入是我国航天工程取得重大成就的物质保障。(2分)

③我国社会主义市场经济能够把社会主义基本经济制度的优势同市场经济的长处结合起来,发挥国家集中人力、物力、财力办大事的优势,充分发挥社会主义制度的优越性。(2分)

④国家重视科技的发展,把提高自主创新能力、建设创新型国家作为国家发展战略的核心,坚持走中国特色自主创新的道路。(2分)

(答出任意三点即可得满分6分)

(2)①价值决定价格。产品由于使用了大量可靠性设计、分析技术等决定其价格高。

②生产决定消费,生产为消费创造动力。有这种优质产品的生产,就会有这方面的消费动力。

③当一种商品的替代品得到人们认可的时候,人们就会转向对替代品的消费。航天产品的质量和可靠性得到消费者的青睐,很快取代了其它产品,说明这一点。

④产品的信誉和形象是一种无形的资产,航天事业的发展,为与航天有关的产品树立了良好的形象,从而得到消费者的青睐。

(每点3分。学生从经济生活其他角度回答,言之有理,可酌情给分)

题目分析:(1)本题未限定答题所用知识点的具体范围,需要学生从对材料的阅读理解中来把握答题的思路。本题的解答需要学生充分回忆和调动书本基础知识,并结合材料来形成较为完整的答案。

(2)本题考查学生阅读、理解、分析及归纳的能力。需要学生仔细阅读材料,并回忆及调动书本基础知识来完成作答。

单项选择题
单项选择题

In 1930, W. K. Kellogg made what he thought was a sensible decision, grounded in the best economic, social and management theories of the time. Workers at his cereal plant in Battle Greek, Mich. were told to go home two hours earlier, every day for good.
The Depression-era move was hailed in Factory and Industrial Management magazine as the "biggest piece of industrial news since Henry Ford announced his five-dollar-a-day policy." It’s believed that industry and machines would lead to workers’ paradises where all would have less work, more free time, and yet still produce enough to meet their needs.
So what happened Today, instead of working less, our hours have stayed steady or risen- and today many more women work so that families can afford the trappings of suburbia. In effect, workers chose the path of consumption over leisure.
With unemployment at a nine-year high and many workers worded about losing their jobs- or forced to accept cutbacks in pay and benefits -- work is hardly the paradise economists once envisioned.
The modern environment would seem alien to pre-industrial laborers. For centuries, the household -- from farms to "cottage" craftsmen -- was the unit of production. The whole family was part of the enterprise, be it farming, blacksmithing, or baking. "In pre-industrial society, work and family were practically the same thing," says Gillis.
The Industrial Revolution changed all that. Mills and massive iron smelters required ample labor and constant attendance. For the first time, work and family were split. Instead of selling what they produced, workers sold their time. With more people leaving farms to move to cities and factories, labor became a commodity and placed on the market like any other.
Innovation gave rise to an industrial process based on machinery and mass production. The theories of Frederick Taylor, a Philadelphia factory foreman, led to work being broken down into component parts, with each step timed to coldly quantify jobs that skilled craftsmen had worked a lifetime to learn. Workers resented Taylor and his stopwatch, complaining that his focus on process stripped their jobs of creativity and pride, making them irritable. Long before anyone knew what "stress" was, Taylor brought it to the workplace- and without sympathy.
The division of work into components that could be measured and easily taught reached its apex in Ford’s River Rouge Plant in Dearborn, Mich., where the assembly line came of age. To maximize the production lines, businesses needed long hours from their workers. But it was no easy to sell.
Labor leaders fought back with their own propaganda. For more than a century, a key struggle for the labor movement was reducing the amount of time workers had to spend on the job.
Between 1830 and 1930, work hours were cut nearly in half, with economist John Maynard Keynes famously predicting in 1930 that by 2030 a 15-hour workweek would be standard. While work had once been a means to serve God, two centuries of choices and industrialization had turned work into an end in itself, stripped of the spiritual meaning that sustained the Puritans who came ready to tame the wilderness.
By the end of the 1970s, companies were reaching out to spiritually drained workers by offering more engagement while withdrawing the promise of a job for life, as the American economy faced a stiff challenge from cheaper workers abroad. By the 1990s, technology made working from home possible for a growing number of people. Seen as a boon at first, telecommuting and the rapidly proliferating "electronic leash" of cell phones made work inescapable, as employees found themselves on call 24/7. Today, almost half of American workers use computers, cell phones, E-mail, and faxes for work during what is supposed to be nonwork time. Home is no longer a refuge but a cozier extension of the office.
When the stock market bubble burst and the economy fell into its recent recession, workers were forced to re-evaluate their priorities. They want a better quality of life; they’re asking for more flextime to spend with their families.
But there’s still the question of fulfillment. A recent study shows that work doesn’t satisfy workers’ deeper needs. "We expect more and more out of our jobs," says Hunnicutt. "We expect to find wonderful people and experience all around us."

What is the Depression-era move according to the passage

A.Workers at Kellogg’s plant work two hours less every day.

B.Workers at Kellogg’s plant get five dollars more every day.

C.Workers at Kellogg’s plant get only five dollars each day.

D.Workers at Kellogg’s plant work less and earn more.