问题 单项选择题

打开电视,广告中的流行天王、天后们都在大嚼薯片。你的生活不知不觉被炸薯片(薯条)所入侵:上网要有炸薯片,赖在沙发上看碟少不了炸薯片,去快餐店当然要点炸薯条,和朋友聚会也顺手拎上一包……
然而没有一种欲望的满足是不用付出代价的。电视上,台湾一位营养学家曾用打火机点燃一片薯片,一团黑烟冒出,一片小小的薯片足足燃烧了一分多钟,一串又一串油脂流了出来。这位营养学家说:当土豆变成薯片时,热量增加了250倍!
日本电视早就在新闻中播出过一条消息:薯片中含有丙烯酰胺成分,具有很强的致癌性!
日本厚生劳动省从薯片中检验出高浓度的被认为具有致癌性的丙烯酰胺。此前瑞典政府研究发现:含有大量碳水化合物的谷物类,如果进行烧烤油炸等烹调处理,会生成具有致癌作用的丙烯酰胺。
以油炸土豆食品为日常零嘴的英国、法国、美国等国家纷纷进行了试验和检测,全都得出肯定结论。
在国际癌症研究机构(IARC)对致癌物质危险程度的5级分类中,丙烯酰胺被列为第2级,致癌性相当高。IARC的5级分类中,最危险的是1级,属于确认致癌物质,其次是2A和2B级,具有较高致癌可能性。1级的有煤焦油、石棉、口嚼香烟、镉元素等;2A级的有丙烯酰胺、用作木材防腐剂的杂酚油、汽车排放的废气等。薯片中的丙烯酰胺与汽车排放的废气属于对人体危害程度相等的有毒物质,所以有人说,吃薯片等于在吃汽车的废气!
科学家通过对老鼠的实验发现,以1千克体重摄入2毫克的比例,持续给老鼠喂食丙烯酰胺,结果老鼠相继患上了肺癌或乳腺癌。将这一比例换算到人的身上,相当于体重60千克的人,每天摄入120毫克的丙烯酰胺。而检验中发现丙烯酰胺成分最多的薯片,1千克中约含有3.5毫克。换言之,每天连续吃约34千克的薯片就会达到这一致癌临界点。市面上销售的薯片大多数在每袋100克左右,也就是说每天吃上340袋薯片,十有八九会患癌症。当然,事实上没有人会这样吃。
那么,是不是说吃薯片就毫无危险了呢 尽管研究者们还存在分歧,但是有一种意见占了上风,那就是没有人敢百分之百地肯定长期大量地食用薯片对人体无害。因此,如今的儿童从小就食用薯片,日积月累后,后果很让人担忧。
另外薯片中含铝过量,如长期食用铝含量过高的膨化食品,会引起神经系统病变,表现为记忆减退,视觉与运动协调失灵,严重者可致痴呆。人体摄入过量的铝,还会抑制骨生成,发生骨软化症等。

下列哪种是被确认的具有较高致癌可能性的物质

A.煤焦油

B.镉元素

C.丙烯酰胺

D.口嚼香烟

答案

参考答案:C

选择题
填空题

Less education, income linked to obesity in women, not men


Women who are better educated and live in households that are middle-income or above are less likely to be obese than women who are less educated and live in the lowest income households, new government research shows.
Among men, there is not a statistically significant (26) in obesity based on income and very (27) difference based on education, the data show.
(28) , about one in three U.S. adults-almost 73 million people-are obese, which is (29) 30 or more pounds over a (30) weight. Extra weight raises the (31) of diabetes, heart disease, some types of cancer and other (32) .
"There is a relationship between obesity and income, but it’s not a (33) story," says Cynthia Ogden, an epidemiologist with the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"When looking at these two (34) of socioeconomic status-income and education-their (35) is greater on women than men," she says.
Jennifer Lovejoy, president of the Obesity Society, says that (36) -income women may be more likely to become obese because of environmental (37) such as lack of access to safe places to do physical activity and easy access to fast food.
Among the findings:
·29% of women who live in households with an annual income of $77,000 or more for a family of four are obese in opposition (38) 42% of women who live in households with an annual income below $29,000 for a family of four.
·23% of women with a college degree are obese, significantly less than the 42% of women with (39) than a high school education.
·33% of men who live in households with an annual income of $77,000 or more for a family of four are obese, (40) 29% of men who live in households with an annual income below $29,000 for a family of four are obese. This difference is not considered statistically (41) .
The analysis is based on (42) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is considered the gold (43) for evaluating obesity because it is a(an) (44) survey of people whose weight and height are actually (45) rather than being self-reported.

A. states B. members C. records D. measures