问题 单项选择题

Americans are often in a hurry. They rush to work, rush home, and rush through their meals. Workers and students usually have only half hour or an hour for lunch. As a result, a lot of Americans go and eat in fast food restaurants. The service is quick, and the prices are cheap.
What do fast food restaurants serve Of course, many of them have hot dogs, hamburgers, fried chicken, pizza, or ice cream. But other fast food restaurants specialize (专门从事) in different foods. Some places serve roast beef. Some serve fish and seafood. In fact, you can find popular foreign dishes in fast food restaurants, too. There are Italian restaurants with Italian sausage (香肠) and spaghetti (通心粉). And there are Chinese restaurants with Cantonese (粤式的) or Sichuan foods.

What kinds of fast food are discussed in the passage
[A] American food. [B] Foreign food.
[C] Americanized foreign food.[D] Both American and foreign food.

A lot of fast food restaurants are franchises (产品经销特许权), a very popular form of business in the United States. There are many restaurants in a franchise, and each franchise has a different owner. However, all of the restaurants are under one central management, and the name of the restaurants is the same everywhere in the United States — and in foreign countries, too. This kind of central control guarantees that, for example McDonald’s hamburgers and Kentucky Fried Chicken taste the same everywhere.
In modern American life, fast food restaurants are very important. They provide quick and inexpensive meals for American people in a hurry.

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 细节题。参考文章第二段的内容,作者先提到快餐店经营如hot dogs, hamburgers, fried chicken, pizza, or ice cream, roast beef等本国食品, 接着又讲到“In fact, you can find popular foreign dishes in fast food restaurants, too”,可以判断在文章中提到了美国和外国的食物。因此 本题答案是[D]。

综合题

(28分)历史观是历史认识的方法,是一种历史思维,也是一种社会意识形态。阅读材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一:网罗天下放失旧闻,考之行事,稽其成败兴坏之理,凡百三十篇,亦欲以 究天人之际,通古今之变,成一家之言。

——(汉)司马迁《报任安书》

材料二: 18世纪中期,德国哥丁根学派最早提出西欧中心理论。这种历史观大肆 宣扬西欧白色人种的优越,认为西欧的历史是整个人类普遍的历史,始终是人类历史矛 盾运动的中心,整个世界的历史都应以西欧的历史来认识和剪裁,欧美以外诸地区、国家和民族的历史没有独立存在的价值。在19世纪的世界历史的研究与世界史的编纂实 践中,充满着“西欧中心论”或可称之为“西欧中心史观”。

——据《全球化和全球史》等

材料三:英国史学家巴勒克拉夫在1955年最先明确提出“全球史观”问题。他认 为今天历史学著作的本质特征就在于它的全球性,世界历史研究的重要任务之一是建立 全球的历史观——即超越民族和地区的界限理解整个世界的历史观,这样才能抛弃西欧 中心论的偏见,公正地评价各个时代和世界各地区一切民族的建树。

——据《当代史学主要趋势》等

(1) 据材料一,指出司马迁研究历史的基本思想。简述这一思想出现的社会背景。 (6分)

(2) 据材料二,概述“西欧中心论”的主要内容。分析在19世纪世界历史的研究中充 满“西欧中心论”的原因。(lO分)

(3)阅读材料三,与“西欧中心论”相比,“全球史观”有哪些突破?简述“全球史 观”产生的社会条件。(8分)

(4) 综合上述材料,简要说明历史观对历史研究的影响。(4分)

单项选择题 A1/A2型题