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试述黏液表皮样癌的临床表现及治疗原则。

答案

参考答案：答：临床表现：本病女性多于男性，发生于腮腺者居多，其次是腭部和下颌下腺，高分化者常呈无痛性肿块，伸张缓慢。肿瘤体积大小不等，边界可清楚或不清楚，质地中等偏硬，表面可呈结节状。腮腺肿痛侵入面神经时，可出现面瘫症状。术后可复发，但颈部淋巴结转移率低，血行转移更为少见。低分化动液表皮样癌生长较快，可有疼痛，边界不清，与周围组织粘连。腮腺肿瘤常累及面神经，颈淋巴结转移率高，且可出现血行性转移。术后易于复发。治疗：以手术为主，高分化者应尽量保留面神经，而低分化者宜加用术后放疗。高分化者不必作选择性颈淋巴清扫术，低分化者则应考虑行选择性颈淋巴清扫术。

单项选择题

下列哪个不属于外照射的防护的基本原则（）

A.屏蔽防护

B.距离防护

C.时间防护

D.口罩、橡皮手套防护

E.铅围裙防护
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填空题

New York’s Setback Expected to Be Deeper than Nation’s


1. It probably came as no surprise to most New Yorkers that the nation had officially slipped into a recession by spring, or that the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11 knocked the wobbly legs out from under an already shaky economy.
2. From Wall Street to Kew Gardens, the pain has been palpable. Just as nearly every resident of the city and surrounding area knew someone who lost a life in the World Trade Center, most know someone who has been directly affected by its economic aftermath dislocations, pay cuts and job losses.
3. That giant sucking sound It is the gasp of collective belt-tightening across the five boroughs. Statistics confirm the anecdotes. New York City lost 44,200 jobs just in October, the New York State Labor Department said. It could lose 50,000 more by mid-2002.
4. Economists and accountants have tried to tally the damage stemming from the attack, and though their figures do not always match, the costs are undeniably substantial. In addition to the physical damage and cleanup expenses estimated at $30 billion, the attacks could cost New York City some $20 billion in lost economic activity like retail sales and tourism services this year and $10 billion more next year, according to Economy.com, a research firm based in West Chester, Pa. The $20 billion pledged by the federal government in emergency aid and billions more in insurance payments will help offset those costs, though only about half the federal assistance has actually been appropriated. A sharp falloff in tax revenue, however, will leave the state and city with yawning budget gaps not seen since the early 1990s. The city alone projects a shortfall of $1.3 billion next 5 year and $3.6 billion in 2003.
5. That will keep New York’s prospects dim even if the national economy emerges from recession, as economists predict it will in the second half of 2002. New York, they said, will endure a deeper and more protracted downturn than the rest of the country will feel. The gross city product, a measure of the city’s economic output, declined 1.6 percent in the third quarter, compared with a 0.4 percent fall for the nation as a whole.
6. Some economists compare the situation in New York to that of cities hit by natural disasters, like Hurricane Andrew in 1992 or the earthquake in Kobe, Japan, in 1995. Initial slumps were followed by building booms that led to revived economies, said Stephen Kagann, chief economist for Gov. George E. Pataki’s office.
7. New York, however, will not be helped by a building boom, he said. Rebuilding the World Trade Center, as huge as such a project would be, is unlikely to have a significant impact on the economy, Mr. Kagann said. The original construction had 3,500 jobs at its peak, with maybe 1,500 more ancillary jobs created together, only 0.2 percent of all jobs in the region. "The city’s economy is simply too large for rebuilding to be a significant boost," he said.

A. Deeper setback for city
B. Role of rebuilding in city’s recovery
C. Palpable pain
D. Consequences of natural disasters
E. Estimated economic losses
F. Rising unemployment
G. Economists’ optimism about city’s economy

Paragraph 4 ______
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