问题 问答题

简述胸腰椎骨折患者的诊断及正确的急救搬运方法。

答案

参考答案:   答:诊断:有严重外伤病史。胸腰椎损伤后,主要症状为局部疼痛,站立及翻身困难。腹膜后血肿刺激了腹腔神经节,使肠蠕动减慢,常出现腹痛、腹胀甚至出现肠麻痹症状。X线摄片是首选的检查方法。老年人胸腰段脊柱骨折拍摄正侧位片除腰椎外还应包括下胸椎(T10~12)在内。在斜位片上则可以看到有无椎弓峡部骨折。CT检查可以显示出椎体的骨折情况,还可显示出有无碎骨片突出于椎管内,并可计算出椎管的前后径与横径损失了多少。MRI可显示椎体骨折出血所致的信号改变和前方的血肿以及因脊髓损伤所表现出的异常高信号。急救搬运:正确的方法是采用担架,木板甚至门板运送。先使伤员双下肢伸直,木板放在伤员一侧,三人用手将伤员平托至门板上;或二三人采用滚动法,使伤员保持平直状态,成一整体滚动至木板上。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Questions from 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: Negotiations work wonders. This is particularly so in international business since it is mostly through negotiations that exporters and importers bridge their differences and reach a fair and mutually satisfactory deal. By presenting a more comprehensive negotiating package in a well planned and organized manner, exporters should be able to improve the effectiveness of their business discussions and in the long term the profitability of their export operations. To avoid being confronted by costly demands, an exporter should try to determine the buyer’s real interest in the products from the outset. This can be ascertained through appropriate questions but must also be based on research and other preparations before the negotiations. Only then can a suitable counter-proposal be presented. To achieve a favorable outcome from the negotiations, an exporter should draw up a plan of action beforehand, which addresses a few key issues. Experienced negotiators consider that as much as 80% of their overall time devoted to negotiations should go to such preparations. The preliminary work should be aimed at obtaining relevant information on the target market and the buyers of the products. It should also include developing counter-proposals if objections are raised on any of the exporter’s opening negotiating points. The preparations should thus involve formulating the negotiating strategy and tactics.In international marketing negotiations, it is advisable for small and medium-sized exporters not just to limit their discussions to pricing issues, although pricing is a key factor in any business transaction, exporters should give more attention to the full range of marketing factors. They should stress the strengths of their firms and products and match them with the perceived needs of the buyers. Once these issues have been covered, they can consider the question of price and are able to develop a profitable business.

80% of the overall time should go to preparations which involve().

A.obtaining relevant information

B.developing counter-proposals

C.formulating the negotiating strategy and tactics

D.all of the above