问题 多项选择题

货币政策的选择性政策工具有______。

A.直接信用控制

B.市场信用控制

C.间接信用指导

D.计划信用控制

答案

参考答案:A,C

解析: 随着中央银行宏观调控作用重要性的加强,货币政策工具趋向多元化,出现了一些供选择使用的新措施,称为选择性货币政策工具。选择性货币政策工具主要有两类:直接信用控制和间接信用指导。其中,直接信用控制是以行政命令或其他方式,直接对金融机构尤其是商业银行的信用活动进行控制。其具体手段包括:规定利率限额与信用配额、信用条件限制、规定金融机构流动性比率和直接干预等。间接信用指导是指中央银行通过道义劝告、窗口指导等办法来间接影响商业银行等金融机构行为的做法。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     The over55s who grew up watching blackandwhite programs and films are more likely to dream in

grey, research suggests.

     And the under25s who have watched color TV all their lives tend to have colorful adventures in_the

_land_of_nod.

     Research from the first half of the 20th century, especially in the 1930s and 1950s, suggested that

most dreams are in black and white.

     But results from tests in the 1960s and later suggested that up to 80 per cent of dreams contain some

colors.

     Since this period marked the transition  (过渡) from blackandwhite films and TV to widespread

Technicolor (彩色印片法), an obvious explanation was that television was influencing dreams, but

differences  between  the  studies  prevented  the researchers from drawing any firm conclusions.

     Later studies asked subjects  (实验对象)  to complete dream diaries immediately they woke up, but  

the  earlier  research  used  questionnaires completed in the middle of the day, so the subjects might have

simply forgotten color elements in their dreams and assumed they were grey.

     To solve the problem, psychologist Eva Murzyn asked 60 subjects, half of whom were under 25 and

half over 55, to answer a questionnaire on the color of their dreams and their childhood exposure (暴露)

to films and TV.

     The subjects then recorded different aspects of their dreams in a diary every morning.

     She found there was no significant difference between results drawn from the questionnaires and the

dream diaries.

     She then analyzed data to find out whether an early exposure to blackandwhite TV or films could still

have a lasting effect on her subjects'dreams,40 years later.

     Less than five per cent of the under25s'dreams were black and white.But the over55s who had access

to blackandwhite media in their younger days reported dreaming in black and white roughly a quarter of

the time.

     Murzyn said, "There could be a critical period in our childhood when watching films has a big

influence on the way dreams are formed." People's attention might be heightened during the time they are

watching TV or films.

1. "this period" in  the fifth paragraph refers to________.

A. the 20th century  

B. the 1930s

C. the 1950s  

D. the 1960s and later

2. The underlined words "in the land of nod" in Paragraph 2 means________.

A. in the evening  

B. during travelling

C. in a dream world  

D. when they are thinking

3. Murzyn's study was different from other studies because  ________.

A. more people of different ages were involved

B. both diaries and questionnaires were used

C. more advanced technology was used

D. subjects were given more time to record their dreams

4. From the passage, we can learn that________.

A. studies on the color of dreams have been going on for many years

B. the results of the previous studies on dreams couldn't be trusted

C. older people are more likely to be influenced by TV viewing

D. the colors of TV sets are more likely to appear in viewers'dreams

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The color of people's dreams changes along with their ages.

B. TV  viewing has  different  influences  on different people.

C. Childhood TV viewing may determine the color of dreams.

D. Childhood TV  viewing  may  influence  a person's later life.

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