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You probably know what fast food is. It is cooked food that is ready almost as soon as you enter a public eating place. It does not cost much.
Most fast food restaurants are chain (连锁) restaurants. That means each one is part of a huge company. Each restaurant in the chain has the same large, colorful sign that can be easy to recognize from far away. Each offers its own carefully limited choice of foods. Each kind of hamburger or piece of chicken tastes the same at every restaurant in the chain.
The fast food industry began with two brothers in the nineteen forties. Mac and Dick McDonald owned a small, but very successful restaurant. They sold only a few kinds of simple food, especially hamburgers. People stood outside the restaurant at a window. They told the workers inside what they wanted to eat. They received and paid for their food very quickly. The food came in containers that could be thrown away. The system was so successful that the McDonald brothers discovered they could sell a lot of food and lower their prices.
Ray Kroc sold restaurant supplies. He recognized the importance of the McDonald brothers' idea. Kroc paid the McDonald brothers for permission to open several restaurants similar to theirs. He opened the first McDonald's restaurant near Chicago in nineteen fifty-five. Soon, more McDonald's were opening all across the United States. Other people copied the idea and more fast food restaurants followed.
Fast food restaurants spread quickly in the United States because of franchising. Franchising means selling the legal right to operate a store in a company's chain to an independent business person. If the company approves, the business person may buy the store for a period of years. Each restaurant also gives the company about ten percent of the money it earns in sales. Today, over seventy percent of McDonald's restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent businessmen and women.

McDonald's and fast food industry
Explanation of fast food	It is cooked food which is more convenient and much (小题1:)      than other food.
Characters of the chain restaurants	There are: ▲(小题2:)      recognized signs ▲carefully (小题3:)      choice of foods ▲the (小题4:)      tastes of food at every restaurant in the chain.
(小题5:)       of McDonald's	It developed from Mac and Dick McDonald’s (小题6:)      but successful restaurant which (小题7:)       some kinds of simple food with different service from others’.
Great changes brought by Kroc to McDonald's	▲The McDonald brothers (小题8:)      Kroc to open several same restaurants with theirs. ▲Franchising made Fast food restaurants spread (79)      in the United States.
Current situation	At most (小题9:)      percent of McDonald's restaurants worldwide are not run by independent businessmen and women.