阅读材料，回答问题。

彩虹是各不相同的颜色组成的，但它们汇集在一起，就成了一条绚丽夺目的彩带。我们的国家也是如此。我们有不同的习惯、哲学和生活方式。……我们的理想是可以汇成一个和谐的整体的……当我们结束这历史性的聚会，我们定能在世界的天空上看到那条希望的彩虹。 ——德黑兰会议期间罗斯福在丘吉尔生日宴会上的演讲

（1）结合德黑兰会议的背景，说明材料中”彩虹”的寓意是什么。”我们”有什么共同的”理想”

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（2）为了看到”希望的彩虹”，会后盟军在欧洲发动了哪一重大军事行动？这一行动有何意义？

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Observe that for the programmer, as for the chef, the urgency of the patron (顾客) may govern the scheduled completion of the task, but it cannot govern the actual completion. An omelette (煎鸡蛋) , promised in two minutes, may appear to be progressing nicely. But when it has not set in two minutes, the customer has two choices-waits or eats it raw. Software customers have had (71) choices.
Now I do not think software (72) have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs, nor than other engineering managers. But false (73) to match the patron’s desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering. It is very (74) to make a vigorous, plausible, and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method, supported by little data, and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers.
Clearly two solutions are needed. We need to develop and publicize productivity figures, bug-incidence figures, estimating rules, and so on. The whole profession can only profit from (75) such data. Until estimating is on a sounder basis, individual managers will need to stiffen their backbones and defend their estimates with the assurance that their poor hunches are better than wish derived estimates.

A．easy

B．difficult

C．simple

D．painless